Background Tasks requiring simultaneous mobility and cognition (dual tasks) have been associated with incidence of falls. Although these deficits have been documented in individuals with neurologic disorder, the effect of dual task in children with traumatic brain injury has not been fully explored. Objective To investigate the effect of dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions on spatiotemporal gait parameters during timed up and go test in children with traumatic brain injury. Methods and Material A total of 14 children with traumatic brain injury and 21 typically developing children participated in this case-control study. Functional balance was assessed before the actual testing to predict the risk of falls. Timed up and go test was performed under single-task and dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were determined using the APDM Mobility Lab system. The descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze demographic characteristics and repeated measure ANOVA test was used to analyze the gait parameters. Results Under dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions during the timed up and go test, gait performance significantly deteriorated. Furthermore, the total time to complete the timed up and go test, stride velocity, cadence, and step time during turning were significantly different between children with traumatic brain injury and typically developing children. Conclusions These findings suggest that gait parameters were compromised under dual-task conditions in children with traumatic brain injury. Dual-task conditions may become a component of gait training to ensure a complete and comprehensive rehabilitation program.
أداء على واملعرفيه) (احلركية املتزامنة املهام تأثير دراسة األهداف: )TBI( دماغية بإصابات املصابني األطفال لدى الوضعية في التحكم .)TD( الشاهد مجموعة بنموذج مقارنة بـ ً مصابا ً طفال 16 والشواهد احلاالت دراسة في شارك الطريقة: TD الشاعد مجموعة 22 و سنة) 11.63±1.89 (عمر TBI الفترة في الدراسة هذه أجريت سنة). 11.41±2.24 (أعمارهم ثابت بأداء طفل كل قام وقد .2017 ومارس 2016 مايو بني ما واملهمة واملتزامنه، فرديه، حركه مختلفة: حاالت ثالث حتت ، التأثير منطقة الوضعية الرقابة أداء قياس يتضمن املتزامنة. املعرفية )ML( التأرجح وسرعة ، )AP( اخللفيه األماميه التأرجح وسرعة باستخدام قياسه مت كما ML متايل ومسافة AP نفوذ ومسافة ، استخدام مت بورتالند). (أوريغون، APDM® Mobility Lab البيانات. لتحليل املتكرر االختالف حتليل ا ً تدهور أظهروا TBI من يعانون الذين األطفال أن وجدنا النتائج: مجموعة بأطفال مقارنة الوضعية في التحكم أداء في بكثير أكبر واملعرفيه) (احلركيه املتزامنة املهام من كل أدت الشاهد(50.0<.)p مع املجموعتني من كل في الوضعي التحكم أداء في كبير خفض إلى مع مقارنة TBI مبرض املصابني األطفال في وضوحا أكثر تغييرات .TD ضوابط واملعرفية) (احلركية املتزامنة املهام أداء أن النتائج أظهرت اخلامتة: وجود إن الوضعية. الرقابة أداء تدهور إلى أدى املستقيم الوقوف أثناء يتسبب قد TBI مبرض املصابني األطفال في وتوازن إدراكي ضعف مقارنة االهتمام من أكبر ً قدرا ويتطلب املتزامنة املهام تعقيد في الفردية. باملهمة Objectives: To investigate the effects of concurrent tasks )motor and cognitive( on postural control performance in children with traumatic brain injury )TBI( compared to typically developing )TD( control subjects. Methods: Sixteen children with TBI )aged 11.63±1.89 years( and 22 TD controls )aged 11.41±2.24 years( participated in this case-control study. This study was conducted between May 2016 and March 2017. Each child performed static standing under 3 different conditions: single, concurrent motor, and concurrent cognitive task. Postural control performance measure includes sway area, anterior-posterior )AP( sway velocity, medio-lateral )ML( sway velocity, AP sway distance and ML sway distance as measured using the APDM® Mobility Lab )Oregon, Portland(. A repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. Results:We found that children with TBI showed significantly more deterioration in postural control performance than TD children )p<0.05(. Both concurrent tasks )motor and cognitive( significantly decreased postural control performance in both groups with more pronounced changes in children with TBI than that of the TD controls. Conclusion:The results demonstrated that, performing concurrent tasks )motor and cognitive( during upright standing resulted in deterioration of postural control performance. The existence of cognitive and balance impairment in children with TBI...
High-amplitude penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) is recommended as the first line method for conservative sperm retrieval in anejaculatory Caucasian men with spinal cord injury (SCI). Evidence of its effectiveness in Asian population is lacking. We described the effectiveness of high amplitude PVS for conservative sperm retrieval in the anejaculatory local men with SCI. Records of all SCI patients referred for conservative sperm retrieval trial from August 2014 to August 2015 were screened. Those who failed in artificial stimulation methods for sperm retrieval including masturbation, prostatic massage and low amplitude PVS were subjected to high amplitude PVS using Viberect X3. Data pertaining to detailed neurological findings, time to ejaculate, seminal fluid volume and its gross appearance, somatic responses at ejaculation and any adverse events were retrieved. Successful outcome is defined as occurrence of antegrade ejaculation. Thirteen out of 16 patients fulfilled all study criteria. 46% of the patients had neurological level above T6 followed by 34% with neurological level between T7-T12. Preserved reflexogenic and spontaneous erection were reported by 84.6% and successful coitus was reported by 45.4% of the patients. The overall ejaculatory success using high amplitude, high-frequency vibratory stimulation in our study was 46.15%. Among the patients with lesion at T6 and above, the ejaculatory success rate was 66.7% while for the study subjects with lesions below T6 was 33.3%. In conclusion, PVS outcome for sperm retrieval in asian population is comparable to that of Caucasian population. Its use is highly applicable in local population.
Objective To investigate how gait parameters in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus typically developing (TD) children are influenced by secondary concurrent tasks and examine the correlations between gait parameters and attention and balance in children with TBI. Methods Sixteen children with TBI (mean age, 11.63±1.89 years) and 22 TD controls (mean age, 11.41±2.24 years) participated in this case-control study. Attention and functional balance were measured using the Children's Color Trail Test (CCTT) and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). All participants first walked without concurrent tasks and then with concurrent motor and cognitive tasks. The APDM Mobility Lab was used to measure gait parameters, including gait velocity, stride length, stride duration, cadence, and double support time. Repeatedmeasures analysis of variance and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for the analysis. Results Children with TBI showed significantly more deterioration in gait performance than TD children (p<0.05). Concurrent tasks (motor and cognitive) significantly decreased gait velocity and cadence and increased stride time; the differences were more obvious during the concurrent cognitive task. A moderate correlation was found between gait parameters (gait velocity and stride length) and CCTT-2 and PBS scores in children with TBI. Conclusion Gait performance may be affected by task complexity following TBI. Attention and balance deficits caused deterioration in gait performance under the concurrent task condition in children with TBI. This study illustrates the crucial role of task demand and complexity in dual-task interference.
Ialamic banking system have been establish more than 30 years ago around the world. However, until today it still facing a lot of obstacles especially in term of credit risk. Thus, the aims of this study is to examine the external (macroeconomic) and internal economic factors that influencing Islamic bank credit risk in ASEAN countries. By using 29 of Islamic banking data in ASEAN from years 2011 until 2018, panel data model was applied in this study. The results from the long run regression of FLOMS, DLOS and PMG suggest management efficiency (MGT) and capital ratio (CR) are the internal factors affects the credit risk of ASEAN Islamic bank. Economic growth, inflation and interest rates are external factors that also found could influencing the Islamic bank credit risk. More research ought to be carried out so that one can understand how credit risk is created in Islamic banking. The finding obtained will provide the further understanding of how Islamic banks should tackle the obstacles they face in order to manage their credit risk
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