Robotic assistive technology is today widely used in rehabilitation. Social assistive robotics (SAR) is one of the developing areas of research with potential advantages for areas involving elderly care, people with cognitive impairment, rehabilitation for people with physical disabilities and for educational purposes. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common neurological disorder among children that impairs motor function and may involve cognitive function. The use of social assistive robotic technology serves as a potential approach for CP rehabilitation. The objective of this paper is to review published articles regarding SAR in rehabilitation for children with CP. Twelve published studies have been identified and will be discussed in this review paper.
Background Tasks requiring simultaneous mobility and cognition (dual tasks) have been associated with incidence of falls. Although these deficits have been documented in individuals with neurologic disorder, the effect of dual task in children with traumatic brain injury has not been fully explored. Objective To investigate the effect of dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions on spatiotemporal gait parameters during timed up and go test in children with traumatic brain injury. Methods and Material A total of 14 children with traumatic brain injury and 21 typically developing children participated in this case-control study. Functional balance was assessed before the actual testing to predict the risk of falls. Timed up and go test was performed under single-task and dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were determined using the APDM Mobility Lab system. The descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze demographic characteristics and repeated measure ANOVA test was used to analyze the gait parameters. Results Under dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions during the timed up and go test, gait performance significantly deteriorated. Furthermore, the total time to complete the timed up and go test, stride velocity, cadence, and step time during turning were significantly different between children with traumatic brain injury and typically developing children. Conclusions These findings suggest that gait parameters were compromised under dual-task conditions in children with traumatic brain injury. Dual-task conditions may become a component of gait training to ensure a complete and comprehensive rehabilitation program.
أداء على واملعرفيه) (احلركية املتزامنة املهام تأثير دراسة األهداف: )TBI( دماغية بإصابات املصابني األطفال لدى الوضعية في التحكم .)TD( الشاهد مجموعة بنموذج مقارنة بـ ً مصابا ً طفال 16 والشواهد احلاالت دراسة في شارك الطريقة: TD الشاعد مجموعة 22 و سنة) 11.63±1.89 (عمر TBI الفترة في الدراسة هذه أجريت سنة). 11.41±2.24 (أعمارهم ثابت بأداء طفل كل قام وقد .2017 ومارس 2016 مايو بني ما واملهمة واملتزامنه، فرديه، حركه مختلفة: حاالت ثالث حتت ، التأثير منطقة الوضعية الرقابة أداء قياس يتضمن املتزامنة. املعرفية )ML( التأرجح وسرعة ، )AP( اخللفيه األماميه التأرجح وسرعة باستخدام قياسه مت كما ML متايل ومسافة AP نفوذ ومسافة ، استخدام مت بورتالند). (أوريغون، APDM® Mobility Lab البيانات. لتحليل املتكرر االختالف حتليل ا ً تدهور أظهروا TBI من يعانون الذين األطفال أن وجدنا النتائج: مجموعة بأطفال مقارنة الوضعية في التحكم أداء في بكثير أكبر واملعرفيه) (احلركيه املتزامنة املهام من كل أدت الشاهد(50.0<.)p مع املجموعتني من كل في الوضعي التحكم أداء في كبير خفض إلى مع مقارنة TBI مبرض املصابني األطفال في وضوحا أكثر تغييرات .TD ضوابط واملعرفية) (احلركية املتزامنة املهام أداء أن النتائج أظهرت اخلامتة: وجود إن الوضعية. الرقابة أداء تدهور إلى أدى املستقيم الوقوف أثناء يتسبب قد TBI مبرض املصابني األطفال في وتوازن إدراكي ضعف مقارنة االهتمام من أكبر ً قدرا ويتطلب املتزامنة املهام تعقيد في الفردية. باملهمة Objectives: To investigate the effects of concurrent tasks )motor and cognitive( on postural control performance in children with traumatic brain injury )TBI( compared to typically developing )TD( control subjects. Methods: Sixteen children with TBI )aged 11.63±1.89 years( and 22 TD controls )aged 11.41±2.24 years( participated in this case-control study. This study was conducted between May 2016 and March 2017. Each child performed static standing under 3 different conditions: single, concurrent motor, and concurrent cognitive task. Postural control performance measure includes sway area, anterior-posterior )AP( sway velocity, medio-lateral )ML( sway velocity, AP sway distance and ML sway distance as measured using the APDM® Mobility Lab )Oregon, Portland(. A repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. Results:We found that children with TBI showed significantly more deterioration in postural control performance than TD children )p<0.05(. Both concurrent tasks )motor and cognitive( significantly decreased postural control performance in both groups with more pronounced changes in children with TBI than that of the TD controls. Conclusion:The results demonstrated that, performing concurrent tasks )motor and cognitive( during upright standing resulted in deterioration of postural control performance. The existence of cognitive and balance impairment in children with TBI...
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