Background Inflammatory bleeding due to depletion of platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 (CLEC‐2) has been proposed as a potential novel mechanism to promote skin wound healing. Dasatinib inhibits a broad range of tyrosine kinases, including Src and Syk, the signaling molecules downstream of GPVI and CLEC‐2. Objectives To investigate whether dasatinib affects skin wound healing. Methods A single (4‐mm diameter) full‐thickness excisional skin wound was generated in mice. Dasatinib (5 or 10 mg/kg) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle was intraperitoneally injected daily during the first 4 days. The wound was monitored over 9 days post injury. Results Dasatinib induced loss of vascular integrity during the inflammatory phase of wound repair (day 1 to day 3 post injury), which was associated with the inhibition of platelet function stimulated by collagen and rhodocytin, the ligands for GPVI and CLEC‐2, respectively. Dasatinib‐treated mice, particularly at 5 mg/kg, exhibited accelerated wound closure compared to DMSO‐treated controls. Transient bleeding into the wound during the inflammatory phase in dasatinib‐treated mice allowed for extravasation of fibrinogen. The increased deposition of fibrinogen and fibrin in the wound on day 3 post injury was associated with the augmented progression of re‐epithelialization and angiogenesis, attenuated infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Conclusions Our data show that dasatinib promotes skin wound healing, and the mechanisms include blocking GPVI‐ and CLEC‐2‐mediated platelet activation, leading to self‐limited inflammatory bleeding and fibrinogen/fibrin deposition, in association with reduced inflammation, increased re‐epithelialization, and enhanced angiogenesis.

Prolonged endurance exercise over several days induces increase in extracellular water (ECW). We aimed to investigate an association between the increase in ECW and the change in aldosterone and vasopressin in a multistage ultraendurance triathlon, the 'World Challenge Deca Iron Triathlon' with 10 Ironman triathlons within 10 days. Before and after each Ironman, body mass, ECW, urinary [Na(+)], urinary [K(+)], urinary specific gravity, urinary osmolality and aldosterone and vasopressin in plasma were measured. The 11 finishers completed the total distance of 38 km swimming, 1800 km cycling and 422 km running within 145.5 (18.8) hours and 25 (22) minutes. ECW increased by 0.9 (1.1) L from 14.6 (1.5) L prerace to 15.5 (1.9) L postrace (P < 0.0001). Aldosterone increased from 70.8 (104.5) pg/mL to 102.6 (104.6) pg/mL (P = 0.033); vasopressin remained unchanged. The increase in ECW was related neither to postrace aldosterone nor to postrace vasopressin. In conclusion, ECW and aldosterone increased after this multistage ultraendurance triathlon, but vasopressin did not. The increase in ECW and the increase in aldosterone were not associated.

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Background and objective Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause oral candidiasis. Antifungal drugs have been used for treatment, but resistance to these drugs has emerged in recent years. Photodynamic therapy is one of the alternative treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the killing of C. albicans biofilms in photodynamic therapy in vitro by erythrosine (Ery) gel on its own or in combination with nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) stimulated by blue light (BL). Methods Four test groups were studied, namely, Ery gel at 220 and 440 μM, in the presence or absence of 1% TiO 2 + BL, and the control group. After C. albicans biofilms were prepared, a photosensitizer was applied to them for 15 min. Test groups were then activated by BL with 15 J/cm 2 energy for 1 min, and the number of CFU/mL in log 10 was compared between the test and control groups. In addition, the generation of reactive oxygen species by the effective photosensitizer was tested by electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. Results C. albicans survival rates were different with statistical significance across all groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.001). The group of 440 μM Ery gel + 1% TiO 2 + BL showed the highest efficacy (p = 0.05). Results of ESR showed that all Ery gel + BL groups generated significantly more singlet oxygen compared with control groups. None of the groups, however, generated detectable levels of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. Conclusion Erythrosine with blue light is an effective photosensitizer that can kill C. albicans, and nano-titanium dioxide acts as a catalyst that enhances the effect of erythrosine.

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Yearly, huge amounts of sock refuse are discarded into the environment. Socks contain many molecules, and worn ones, which are rich in smell-causing bacteria, have a strong influence on animals' behaviors. But the impacts of sock odor on the oviposition behavior of dengue vectors are unknown. We assessed whether Aedes albopictus changes its oviposition activity in response to the presence of used socks extract (USEx) in potential breeding grounds, using choice and no-choice bioassays (NCB). When furnished even chances to oviposit in two sites holding USEx and two others containing water (control), Ae. albopictus deposited significantly less eggs in USEx than in water sites. A similar pattern of oviposition preference was also observed when there were more oviposition options in water. When there were greater oviposition opportunities in USEx sites, Ae. albopictus oviposited preferentially in water. Females laid significantly more eggs during the NCB involving water than USEx. Also, significantly more mature eggs were retained by females in the NCB with USEx than in that with water. These observations strongly suggest the presence of molecules with either repellent or deterrent activities against Ae. albopictus females and provide an impetus to advocate the integration of used socks in dengue control programs. Such applications could be a realistic end-of-life recourse to reroute this waste from landfills.

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