Anti-oviposition activities of used sock media against a dengue vector: prospects of eco-friendly control and solutions to pollution

Abstract

Yearly, huge amounts of sock refuse are discarded into the environment. Socks contain many molecules, and worn ones, which are rich in smell-causing bacteria, have a strong influence on animals' behaviors. But the impacts of sock odor on the oviposition behavior of dengue vectors are unknown. We assessed whether Aedes albopictus changes its oviposition activity in response to the presence of used socks extract (USEx) in potential breeding grounds, using choice and no-choice bioassays (NCB). When furnished even chances to oviposit in two sites holding USEx and two others containing water (control), Ae. albopictus deposited significantly less eggs in USEx than in water sites. A similar pattern of oviposition preference was also observed when there were more oviposition options in water. When there were greater oviposition opportunities in USEx sites, Ae. albopictus oviposited preferentially in water. Females laid significantly more eggs during the NCB involving water than USEx. Also, significantly more mature eggs were retained by females in the NCB with USEx than in that with water. These observations strongly suggest the presence of molecules with either repellent or deterrent activities against Ae. albopictus females and provide an impetus to advocate the integration of used socks in dengue control programs. Such applications could be a realistic end-of-life recourse to reroute this waste from landfills.

Aquatain® Causes Anti-Oviposition, Egg Retention, Oocyte Melanization and Triggers Female Death in Ae. Aegypti

“…The egg deposition arena was composed of four acrylic containers (depth = 7.3 cm, diameter = 3.3 cm), each with a segment of white paper (length = 8 cm, width = 8 cm) that layered the entire surface of the container and served as an egg deposition substrate. These containers were each at a given corner of the cage, and to obviate any likely location bias, the positioning and setting of the oviposition sites was modi ed for bioassay replicate, adopting the previously described clockwise replication blueprint [24,51]. In this scheme, an oviposition test replicate accorded the layout of the four oviposition containers within the cage.…”

“…All oviposition tests were performed following a published experimental design [24,51] with slight adjustments. Fig.…”

“…At the end of the oviposition period (10 days), dead females were counted in each cage replica of each bioassay type and immediately frozen alongside survivors. Egg depositions were checked in all bioassays by procedures from Dieng et al [51] with the help of a stereomicroscope (Motic SMZ-171-TLED; Motic Instruments Inc.; Schertz, USA). The total numbers of eggs laid in each container replica were quanti ed by counting the eggs present on the surface of the water media, paper substrates, and the lower surfaces of the bottom of the containers.…”

“…The numbers of eggs withheld were counted for each dissected female, and the number of eggs produced by a female was de ned as the sum of eggs laid and retained, as to follow Farjana and Tuno [52]. As did Dieng et al [51], the egg retention rate for each dissected female was calculated as the total number of eggs withheld divided by the total of eggs produced × 100. The percentage of eggs retained by a given female was de ned as the total number of eggs retained divided by the total number of eggs produced.…”

Integration of municipal state, society and university efforts for sanitary risk prevention associated withAedes aegyptimosquito in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina

“…aegypti populations [12][13][14]. These facts have led to a revaluation of strategies focussed elimination of hatcheries or sites for developing of the vector [15,16]. Mosquito-borne diseases, levels and patterns of transmission to humans are determined by multiple and complex factors, and there are no vaccines or therapeutic agents disposal for treating them, so vector control remains one of the most viable strategies to prevent epidemics [17,18].…”