Nowadays backpacking travel is the most popular travelling style which famous to the youth traveller. According to the history, the travelling style can be tracked from the nomadic tribes in all corner of the world for their moving habit for run their life. Through the ages, the nomad who carries backpack at their back to bring necessities adopted by soldiers, explorers, and many kinds of travellers, until transformed to the modern free independent tourist (FIT) ; backpacker, flash packer to the present techno packer. The backpackers itself always become an interesting object for the scholars and the tourism experts. Their travelling style colorized every great journey that men ever made. This paper aim is to seek and identify the existence of backpackers and their travelling style throughout historical paradigm. The methods using in this research is both literatures studies and field observatory to the iconic backpacking travels sites in the history. The results show that the backpackers and backpacking travel consists of unique characteristics who determine their travelling style that different among the common tourist or even the group inclusive tour (GIT). The backpackers travels much longer, more far, they travel some time to the off beaten tracks, they always made interaction with the local community, and their journeys inspired others. No wonder if in the future backpacking travel will contributes so many influences to the tourism world.
This paper aims to test the hypothesis in a period of monetary tightening. Firms that face liquidity constraint and have limited access from external sources of funds will lower its investment. We use the panel data analysis of Indonesian manufacturing firms and financial variables, LIQ as the ratio between the sum of cash and marketable securities to total assets, and the change in cash flows as a proxy of firm’s liquidity constraint. The result provides some supports for the view that inventory in Indonesian manufacturing firms is sensitive toward cash flow during the monetary tightening period, especially for the firms that produce durable goods.Keywords: Monetary tightening, liquidity constraint, inventory investmentJEL classification numbers: G32, G38.
AbstrakRekreasi keluarga semakin populer di kalangan keluarga di Yogyakarta. Fenomena tersebut terkait dengan meningkatnya pemahaman mengenai pentingnya kebersamaan keluarga untuk memperkuat ikatan keluarga. Pelaksanaan rekreasi keluarga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografi, perubahan demografi dan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pariwisata bagi keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan kecenderungan pemahaman tentang rekreasi keluarga oleh keluarga di Yogyakarta. Selain itu juga membahas kecenderungan perkembangan rekreasi keluarga. Temuan menunjukkan rekreasi keluarga terkait dengan meningkatnya pemahaman dan mobilitas keluarga. Penelitian ini memberikan sumbangan pada pemahaman tentang perubahan sosial yang terjadi pada keluarga di Yogyakarta dan maknanya bagi industri pariwisata di masa mendatang.
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