Rainwater is the main source of drinking water in tropical communities, especially in West Kalimantan. Air contamination causes rainwater to become acidic and cloudy and adds heavy metals such as Pb into rainwater. In addition to pollution, the way in which the rainwater is collected such as through zinc roofing also exposes the rainwater to heavy metals. The presence of Pb in rainwater will have an impact on the health of the community in the long run. The model of simple water treatment using filtration is needed to overcome this problem with the use of media available in the region. The media used are in the form of mollusk sand and activated carbon. In the end, the mollusk sand filtration model and activated carbon sorption were effectively used to filter polluted rainwater to be safe for consumption.
Abstrak PENDAHULUANAir merupakan kebutuhan mutlak bagi kehidupan manusia, tidak ada kehidupan yang dapat berlangsung tanpa air. Kebutuhan manusia akan air diperoleh dari berbagai macam sumber, baik yang berupa air hujan, air permukaan maupun air tanah. Kebutuhan air dari air tanah antara lain dapat diperoleh dari mata air, yang merupakan pemunculan air tanah ke permukaan tanah (Todd, 1980). Kebutuhan air yang diperoleh dari mata air sangat nyata dirasakan ketika terjadi musim kemarau panjang. Banyak daerah yang pada musim tersebut telah kehabisan air dari sumber air, tetapi mata air seringkali masih menyediakan air untuk digunakan bagi kepentingan sehari-hari. Banyak tempat pada musim kemarau hanya mengandalkan mata air, walaupun penduduk harus menempuh jarak yang sangat jauh untuk mendapatkan air tersebut. Seringkali untuk mendapatkan air tersebut bahkan harus antri, tetapi tetap saja dilakukannya. Dapat dikatakan dalam kondisi semacam ini mata air merupakan "penyelamat" bagi masyarakat yang kekurangan air.
ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian ini merupakan pengujian terhadap genotip-genotip hasil<br />persilangan tanaman wijen, dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi<br />mengenai variasi genetik, heritabilitas, dan korelasi genotipik beberapa sifat<br />penting hasil persilangan tanaman wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Pasirian, Lumajang, Jawa Timur pada bulan April 2002 –<br />Agustus 2003. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelom-<br />pok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian<br />besar sifat yang diamati mempunyai variasi genetik yang cukup besar, (2)<br />nilai heritabilitas (dalam arti luas) tinggi terdapat pada sifat tinggi tanaman,<br />umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polong<br />per tanaman, panjang polong, berat 1000 biji, dan hasil biji per hektar,<br />sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi pada generasi awal, dan<br />(3) korelasi genotipik terhadap hasil biji per hektar terjadi pada sifat tinggi<br />tanaman dan berat 1000 biji pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 13, sedangkan<br />pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 22, dan Sbr 1 X Si 26 terjadi korelasi genotipik<br />antara hasil biji per hektar dengan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang per<br />tanaman.<br />Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., persilangan, genotip, variasi<br />genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi genotipik, pertumbuhan, hasil,<br />Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Genetic variations, heritability and genotypic correlations<br />of important characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum<br />L.)<br />The experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variations,<br />heritability, and genotypic correlations of important characteristics of<br />sesame. The experiment was located at Pasirian Research Station,<br />Lumajang, East Java from April 2002 – August 2003. Randomized block<br />design with three replications was used in the experiment. The result of the<br />experiment showed that: (1) generally, the genetic variations for all traits<br />were high enough, (2) the heritability values (in broad sense) on plant<br />height, flowering time, harvest time, number of branches per plant, number<br />of pods per plant, length of pods, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield per<br />hectare were high, indicating that the inheritance of these traits were simple<br />inheritance and selection can be performed in early generation, and (3) in<br />Sbr 1 X Si 13 crosses, plant height and 1000-seeed weight had genotypic<br />correlation with grain yield per hectare, then plant height and number of<br />branches per plant had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare in<br />Sbr 1 X Si 22, and Sbr 1 X Si 26 crosses.<br />Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., crossing, genotype, genetic<br />variations, heritability, genotypic correlation, growth, yield,<br />East Jav
Abstract. The Kapuas Kecil River is strongly influenced by tidal, in the dry season the intrusion of surface water is often a problem for the WTP because it causes the change of raw water quality to be processed. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sea tides on water quality of the Kapuas Kecil River. The study was conducted in Kapuas River downstream along ± 30 km from the upper boundary to the estuary. Water sampling is carried out during the dry and rainy season, when the tidal conditions at 7 (seven) locations of the monitoring station. Descriptive analysis methods and regressioncorrelation statistics are used to determine the effect of tides on water quality in Kapuas River downstream. In general, the water quality of the Kapuas Kecil River has exceeded the criteria of first class water quality, ie water that can be used for drinking water. The status of water quality of the Kapuas Kecil River based on the pollution index calculation shows the condition of the river is "mild to medium pollutants". The result of multiple linear regression analysis got the value of coefficient of determination (adjusted R square) = 0,760, which in whole show that independent variable (tidal and distance) influence to dependent variable (value of TDS) equal to 76%.
Papua is the final fortress of forests in Indonesia. However, floods recently occurred in Jayapura, Paniai, and Manokwari. If causal factors are not identified and early anticipated, the flood will become an annual disaster with more severe impacts. This study aims to identify main factors causing floods using scoring analysis. Data collected include: rainfall, river gradient, water discharge, drainage density, watershed shape, slope and land use. The-1 research results show that the main factor of floods are average daily rainfall in wet month by 86.53 mm day (rather high) with a score of 28, land use dominated by forest and plantation (rather low and medium) with a score of 21, watershed slope dominated by 1<8% (high) with a score of 5, drainage density of 6.4 (medium) with a score of 3, watershed shape (Rc of 0.30 < Re 0.71) with somewhat/elongated shape with a score of 2, and river gradient of 0.0062 (low) with a score of 2 respectively. High rainfall causes greater flow of water and runoff. Land use dominated by plantations (21.46%) is thought to be one of the main causes of floods in Masni District. Flood mitigation does not mean that rain should be reduced, but regulates/manages such as stopping the conversion of forest into palm oil plantations, reducing surface runoff by applying soil conservation, making bypass from meandering, dredging sediments, and constructing retaining walls.
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