Aim: To assess the effect of Omeprazole at neuromuscular junction with and without Pancuronium. Study design: Experimental randomized control study. Place and duration of study: Department of Pharmacology, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi from October 2018 to September 2019 Methods: In this experimental study both a student’s oscillograph and a cumulative dosage response curve were used to record the frog's rectus abdominis muscle contracting in response to acetylcholine (control group). Three groups' responses to omeprazole, both before and after adding pancuronium, were noted. The student's t test was used to conduct statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) between the groups, and a p-value of 0.05 or below was regarded as statistically significant. Results: By blocking the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, omeprazole in a dose of 3.5 M concentration altered the curve to the right with a mean deviation of 23.7% (SEM ± 20.5). In the presence of 1 g of pancuronium, omeprazole likewise caused a shift of the curve to the right with a mean deviation of 37 percent (SEM ±10.5). The change demonstrated the agonistic impact of omeprazole on NMJ blockers like pancuronium at this concentration and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Omeprazole in 3.5µM strength inhibits the effects of Acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction, however, it potentiates the effects of neuromuscular blockers like Pancuronium at same strength. Keywords: Acetylcholine, Neuromuscular Junction, Pancuronium, Omeprazole.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Rats are commonly used in experimental studies as they have a smaller body size, they are easily available, and their genetic profiles are similar to each other as compared to humans. Kidney pathologies are the result of an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. Parsley aqueous extract is rich in polyphenolic contents and has nephroprotective effects. The objective of this study is to observe the effects of ramipril and parsley leaves aqueous extract in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. METHODOLOGY: An Experimental study consisting of 40 healthy male albino rats were randomly distributed into two categories after taking samples for baseline values of urea and creatinine: Category 1 consisted of a control group (Group 1) having 10 rats, while category 2 comprised of 30 rats, divided into three experimental groups after being given intraperitoneal injections of gentamicin (80mg/kg) per day. Group 2 was taken as disease control, while group 3 and group 4 were parsley treated and ramipril treated for 28 days, respectively. Biochemical markers (serum urea and creatinine) were done at day 35. SPSS version 22 was applied for Statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA test was used to determine any difference in mean values. Post hoc tuckeys test was applied for multiple comparisons amongst groups. p<0.05 was measured as significant. RESULTS: The treatment decreased the levels of serum urea and creatinine in nephrotoxic rats in group 3 (parsley treated group) and group 4 (ramipril treated group) in comparison to group 2. Group 3 had significantly reduced biochemical markers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Parsley leaves extract significantly reduced the serum urea and creatinine levels as compared to ramipril.
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