For centuries, the traditional eating habits of the Hungarian people have also been influenced by historical events, what kind of rule we were under, or which country we were allied with. The eating habits of the smaller segments, such as families, were determined by the given political situation and social affiliation. Of course, the weather conditions also had a great influence on the ingredients of the kitchen. Today’s modern eating habits are influenced by knowledge, financial means, fashion, the environment. The combination of these, combined with physical inactivity, causes the domestic population to be a leader in the world and European rankings in terms of overweight and obesity. The health situation of the Roma, as the largest minority in Europe, is of great importance in Hungary as well. Their health is worse than that of the majority of society, and their life expectancy is lower. The ethnic group with a long tradition and customs, preserving the ancient heritage proudly. In addition to their disadvantaged situation, this still affects their eating habits today. Despite the abandonment of the nomadic lifestyle, typical flavours and kitchen techniques are still used today, despite the fact that assimilation greatly influences their diet. Going through the history of both the Hungarian and the Gypsy minority, we review eating habits, what they have preserved from the past, and the extent to which the fashion of the “Western way of life” has an impact on the eating habits of modern society.
The Roma populations in Central and Eastern Europe are two to three times more likely to have unmet health needs compared to non-Roma residents. The aim of the present study was to examine differences in the frequency of health screening between Roma and non-Roma women in Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, in addition to searching for factors influencing attendance at health screenings among both populations. Roma women reported a higher importance of attendance at health screening (M = 4.22, SD = 1.05) than non-Roma women (M = 3.57, SD = 1.37) (t(439) = -5.676, p < 0.001, g = 0.52) in Romania. In Hungary and Slovakia, there was non-significant difference by ethnicity. Attendance at health screening and having health insurance revealed a statistically significant association in Romania (χ2(1,N=258) = 6.079, p = 0.019, Ф = 0.15) and Slovakia (χ2(1,N=146) = 20.350, p < 0.001, Ф = 0.37) among Roma women. Active lifestyle and attendance at a health screening showed a significant association among non-Roma women in Romania (χ2(1,N=183) = 6.344, p = 0.016, Ф = 0.19). It is important to bear in mind that the existence of health insurance is an important factor in ensuring that Roma people have screening. In addition, more information specifically targeting Roma is needed to make the Roma population aware of the benefits of screening programmes.
A nem fertőző betegségek, mint a cukorbetegség, a daganatos-, a szív- és érrendszeri, valamint a krónikus légúti megbetegedések jelentős és egyre növekvő népegészségügyi kihívást jelentenek mind a magas, mind a közepes, mind pedig az alacsony jövedelmű országokban. Az alacsony társadalmi-gazdasági státuszba tartozók élettartama nemcsak alacsonyabb, mint a magasabb jövedelemmel rendelkezők csoportjába tartozó egyéneké, de nagyobb eséllyel szenvednek majd életük során megelőzhető betegségektől is. A cikk szerzői nem csupán az egészségegyenlőtlenségekkel foglalkoznak, hanem azok determinánsaival, amelyek a mentális, a szociális és a fizikai egészséget is befolyásolják a társadalmi-gazdasági szempontból hátrányos helyzetű lakóhelyeken, illetve azon településrészeken, ahol az ott élők jövedelme és iskolai végzettsége alacsony. Az egészségegyenlőtlenség tényezőinek felismerésével és javításával csökkenthető lenne a társadalmi szakadék, ezért ennek érdekében megelőző intézkedéseket, beavatkozásokat kell eszközölni. A nem fertőző betegségek kialakulását csökkenti a mentális egészségi állapot javítása, valamint a fizikai aktivitás növelése. A cikk szerzőinek elsődleges célja, hogy a hátrányos helyzetű csoportok körében a társadalmi alapú egészségegyenlőtlenségeket csökkentsék. Háromféle egészségfejlesztési megközelítést (életút, színtér, hátrányos helyzetű csoport) kombinálva próbálnak megoldást találni a fizikai aktivitás növelésére.
It is still very difficult to analyse the role of Roma women within the family, which is influenced by numerous factors. This minority forms a heterogeneous group. Romungro, Vlach and Boyash have female roles with complex cultural systems, and each group has a distinct group identity that has been held together for centuries, binding the group together. Place of residence, education and labour market position also influence women's roles. As a consequence, a colourful picture emerges when we examine the role of Roma women. We can observe the traditional role of women, who, giving birth at a young age, have many children to raise. This traditional role is still present where residents live in an environment without perspective. Young Roma women who have fewer opportunities to work because of their home environment, start families at an earlier age: the old custom re-emerges. Preferring to become more educated, more and more women are breaking with the tradition of sacrificing their lives entirely for the family. Gender roles in the household are becoming less and less distinct as women work and husbands do their share of household chores. Despite the division of labour, women feel that their burdens have not diminished, and men with stronger traditional roots can experience this kind of change as a loss. Having more education contributes greatly to this change in roles, as the driving force of the community is no longer dominant, but rather individual goals. This provides an opportunity for self-realization and independent living. The aim of this publication is to present the changes in the social roles of Roma women over time, from those required by the traditional family model to more modern (contemporary) female roles.
A kutatás Új-Zéland lakosságára és azon belül konkrét etnikai csoportokra terjedt ki, a maorikra, akik polinéz őslakók leszármazottai és a Csendes–óceáni térség lakóira. Ahhoz, hogy modellezni tudják a két-hetes egészséges és átlagos élelmiszerek költségeinek eloszlását, összegyűjtötték azokat az élelmiszereket, amelyeket rendszerint fogyasztanak a családok.
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