This paper presents the results from the application of a serious game called Stigma-Stop among a group of high school students with the aim of reducing the stigma toward mental illnesses. The video game features characters with various mental disorders (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and panic disorder with agoraphobia) and provides information about these problems. Additionally, the game asks players about whether they have ever felt the same as the characters, if they believe the characters are psychologically well, and if they think they could help these individuals. Similarly, a variety of reactions are provided for players to choose from when they encounter the characters with these problems. A total of 552 students between the ages of 14 and 18 participated in the study, and they were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which used Stigma-Stop, or the control group, which utilized a video game completely unrelated to mental health. Both video games were used for similar lengths of time. Following the application of Stigma-Stop, a statistically significant decrease was obtained in levels of stigma toward schizophrenia, both in terms of stereotypes and, to a greater extent, its potential dangerousness. However, this was not the case in the control group. Results thus demonstrate the video game’s usefulness toward eradicating erroneous notions about serious mental disorders like schizophrenia.

Los estudios hasta ahora existentes en el ámbito de la EF se han centrado principalmente en la adopción de hábitos de vida saludables por parte de los adolescentes. Sin embargo, no se tienen constancia de estudios que se hayan centrado en los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar la influencia del docente (apoyo vs control) sobre la motivación, las estrategias de metacognición y pensamiento crítico y el rendimiento académico del alumnado durante estas clases. Se analizaron las respuestas de 545 estudiantes de secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 19 años a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados han mostrado que el apoyo a la autonomía predijo positivamente la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas (NP) y negativamente la frustración de las mismas; por el contrario el control psicológico se relacionó de manera inversa con la satisfacción y la frustración. La satisfacción de las NP predijo positivamente la motivación, mientras que la frustración de las NP la predijo negativamente. La motivación predijo positivamente las estrategias de metacognición y el pensamiento crítico y estas dos últimas predijo positivamente el rendimiento académico. Este estudio muestra la importancia del rol que adopte el docente y la importancia que cree un clima de aula que favorezca el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje profundo para que mejore el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.

Según el informe de la OMS del 2018, más del 80% de los adolescentes no practican suficiente actividad física. Las clases de Educación Física deberían de ayudar a solventar este problema. Para ello, en este estudio, se pretende analizar la influencia del docente sobre la confianza, diversión, la motivación y la intención de ser físicamente activo en la adolescencia. En el presente estudio participaron 604 estudiantes entre los 13 y 19 años. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, un análisis de fiabilidad y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explica las relaciones causales entre las variables. Los resultados muestran como el apoyo autonomía predice positivamente la confianza (β = .56, p<.001), la diversión (β = .29, p<.001) y la motivación (β = .10, p<.05); mientras que el control psicológico predice negativamente la confianza (β = -.17, p<.01), la diversión (β = -.12, p<.001) y la motivación (β = -.24, p<.001). La confianza predice positivamente la motivación (β = .37, p<.01), de la misma manera, la diversión predice la motivación (β = .74, p<.001), por último, la motivación predice de forma positiva la intención de ser físicamente activo (β = .62, p<.001). En definitiva, el estudio muestra la influencia y la importancia del profesor de EF y de los procesos motivacionales y emocionales presentes en los adolescentes durante las clases de EF sobre la adopción de unos hábitos de vida activos. Palabras clave: teoría de la autodeterminación, emociones, Educación Física, actividad física. According to the WHO report of 2018, more than 80% of adolescents do not practice enough physical activity. Physical education classes should help solve this problem. For this, in this study, we intend to analyze the influence of the teacher on confidence, enjoyment, motivation and the intention of being physically active in adolescence. In the present study, 604 students between the ages of 13 and 19 participated. Descriptive statistical analyzes, a reliability analysis and a structural equation model that explains the causal relationships between the variables were performed. The results show how autonomy support positively predicts confidence (β = .56, p <.001), enjoyment (β = .29, p <.001) and motivation (β = .10, p <.05) ; whereas psychological control predicts negatively confidence (β = -.17, p <.01), enjoyment (β = -.12, p <.001) and motivation (β = -.24, p <.001 ). Confidence positively predicts motivation (β = .37, p <.01), in the same way, enjoyment predicts motivation (β = .74, p <.001), finally the motivation positively predicts the intention to be physically active (β = .62, p <.001). In short, the study shows the influence and importance of the PE teacher and the motivational and emotional processes present in adolescents during PE classes on the adoption of active life habits. Key words: Self-determination theory, emotions, Physical Education, physical activity.

No abstract

One of the main obstacles to integrating individuals with severe mental disorders into society today is the stigma directed at them. Although breakthroughs in treatment have been made in recent years, many professionals continue to admit that they do not possess enough training to combat this problem. Considering this situation, the present study analyzes the existing stigma among University Education students in three countries with different education systems and cultures, namely Spain, Russia, and Canada. A total of 1,542 students from these three countries participated in the study. ANOVA, MANOVA, and Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis were applied in the data analysis. The results showed that the highest rates of stigma were in Spain and the lowest were in Canada, while Russia displayed intermediate values. This work addresses the relevance of these results, the influence that cultural difference may have on education policies, and the need to implement anti-stigma programs in countries like Spain, which has a relatively high level of social stigma and where these programs are practically not applied at all.

Parenting a child or teenager is not particularly easy for parents, and this becomes even more difficult if a child has a serious mental disorder. This situation places parents in a vulnerable position that leads to heightened feelings of guilt and emotional stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the families’ emotional intelligence on their own self-stigma and burnout. A total of 537 family members from Southern Spain who care for individuals with mental disorders participated in this study. To analyze the results of the study, a structural equation model was constructed. The results from the equation showed that emotional intelligence is negatively related to self-stigma and burnout. In turn, self-stigma is positively related to burnout syndrome. Thus, the findings indicate that emotional intelligence may have a protective role against self-stigma, which is closely related to burnout syndrome. The relevance of these results when designing interventions that work with the negative feelings produced by self-stigma and family burnout is discussed.

No abstract

El estigma, y en particular el autoestigma en personas con trastorno mental grave (TMG), constituyen uno de los principales problemas que a los que se enfrentan los profesionales de la salud mental. Sin embargo, este problema no se encuentra únicamente en las personas que padecen esta enfermedad mental, sino que sus consecuencias afectan de igual manera a familiares allegados. Por ello, resulta necesario adaptar y validar al contexto español la Escala de Autoestigma en Familiares de Personas con Enfermedad Mental (AFPEM). En el estudio han participado 304 adultos (M=44.57; DT=15.29). Para analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala se han realizado diversos análisis. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio han ofrecido apoyo a la estructura del cuestionario tanto del 30 ítems, el de 10 ítems como el modelo de orden superior. La estructura de los modelos se mostró invariante respecto al género. Los valores de alpha de Cronbach fueron superiores a .70 en las diferentes subescalas. Los resultados de este estudio han proporcionado evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la AFPEM, por lo que diversos profesionales de la salud mental dispondrán de un instrumento con el que evaluar el grado de autoestigma que tienen los familiares de personas con TMG. Stigma, and in particular self-stigma in people with severe mental disorder (GIST), is one of the main problems faced by mental health professionals. However, this problem is not only found in people who suffer from this mental illness, but its consequences affect family members in the same way. For this reason, it is necessary to adapt and validate in the Spanish context the Scale of Self-Stigma in Relatives of People with Mental Illness (AFPEM). The study involved 304 adults (M = 44.57, SD = 15.29). To analyze the psychometric properties of the scale, several analyzes have been carried out. The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) have offered support to the questionnaire structure of 30 items, 10 items and the higher order model. The structure of the models was invariant respect to gender. Cronbach's alpha values ​​were greater than .70 in the different subscales. The results of this study have provided evidence of validity and reliability of the AFPEM, so that various mental health professionals will have an instrument with which assesses the degree of self-stigma that family members of people with SMI have.