We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5– requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.

DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) is the future Japanese space gravitational wave antenna. DECIGO is expected to open a new window of observation for gravitational wave astronomy especially between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, revealing various mysteries of the universe such as dark energy, formation mechanism of supermassive black holes, and inflation of the universe. The pre-conceptual design of DECIGO consists of three drag-free spacecraft, whose relative displacements are measured by a differential Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometer. We plan to launch two missions, DECIGO pathfinder and pre-DECIGO first and finally DECIGO in 2024.

Krü ppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a member of a growing family of transcription factors that share a common 3 C 2 H 2 zinc finger DNA binding domain and have broad activity in regulating proliferation and development. We have previously established that Klf6 is expressed in neuronal tissue, hindgut, heart, lung, kidney, and limb buds during midgestation. To explore the potential role of Klf6 in mouse development, we analyzed Klf6 ؊/؊ mice and found that the homozygous mutation is embryonic lethal by embryonic day (E) 12.5 and associated with markedly re-

Gravity generated by large masses has been observed using a variety of probes from atomic interferometers to torsional balances. However, gravitational coupling between small masses has never been observed so far. Here, we demonstrate sensitive displacement sensing of the Brownian motion of an optically trapped 7-mg pendulum motion whose natural quality factor is increased to 10 8 through dissipation dilution. The sensitivity for an integration time of one second corresponds to the displacement generated by the gravitational coupling between the probe and a mm separated 100 mg mass, whose position is modulated at the pendulum mechanical resonant frequency. Development of such a sensitive displacement sensor using a mg-scale device will pave the way for a new class of experiments where gravitational coupling between small masses in quantum regimes can be achieved.

Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 6 is a tumor-suppressor gene functionally inactivated by loss of heterozygosity, somatic mutation and/or alternative splicing that generates a dominant-negative splice form, KLF6-SV1. Wild-type KLF6 (wtKLF6) expression is decreased in many human malignancies, which correlates with reduced patient survival. Additionally, loss of the KLF6 locus in the absence of somatic mutation in the remaining allele occurs in a number of human cancers, raising the possibility that haploinsufficiency of the KLF6 gene alone contributes to cellular growth dysregulation and tumorigenesis. Our earlier studies identified the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 as a transcriptional target of the KLF6 gene in cultured cells, but not in vivo. To address this issue, we have generated two genetic mouse models to define the in vivo role of KLF6 in regulating cell proliferation and p21 expression. Transgenic overexpression of KLF6 in the liver resulted in a runted phenotype with decreased body and liver size, with evidence of decreased hepatocyte proliferation, increased p21 and reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. In contrast, mice with targeted deletion of one KLF6 allele (KLF6 þ /À) display increased liver mass with reduced p21 expression, compared to wild type littermates. Moreover, in primary hepatocellular carcinoma samples, there is a significant correlation between wtKLF6 and p21 mRNA expression. Combined, these data suggest that haploinsufficiency of the KLF6 gene may regulate cellular proliferation in vivo through decreased transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Oncogene (2007) 26, 4428-4434; doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210223; published online 5 February 2007 Keywords: KLF6; Kruppel-like factor; tumor-suppressor gene; p21; haploinsufficiency Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) belongs to the Kruppellike family of transcription factors, which play roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes including development, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis (Bieker, 2001). Functional inactivation of the KLF6 gene occurs through several mechanisms, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH), somatic mutation and/or increased alternative splicing that yields a dominantnegative splice isoform, KLF6-SV1. KLF6 dysregulation has been demonstrated in a number of human cancers including prostate (Narla et al., 2001;Chen et al., 2003), colorectal , non-smallcell lung (Ito et al., 2004), gastric (Cho et al., 2005), nasopharyngeal (Chen et al., 2002), hepatocellular (Kremer-Tal et al., 2004) and ovarian carcinomas (DiFeo et al., 2006b) as well as glioma (Jeng et al., 2003). Furthermore, decreased KLF6 mRNA expression is associated with reduced patient survival in prostate (Singh et al., 2002;Glinsky et al., 2004) and lung cancers (Kettunen et al., 2004). Interestingly, reconstitution of KLF6 decreases cell proliferation and reverts tumorigenicity in glioblastoma cell lines (Kimmelman et al., 2004).Depending on the cell type and context, KLF6's growth-suppressive prop...

DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (DECIGO) is a future Japanese space gravitational-wave antenna. The most important objective of DECIGO, among various sciences to be aimed at, is to detect gravitational waves coming from the inflation of the universe. DECIGO consists of four clusters of spacecraft, and each cluster consists of three spacecraft with three Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers. As a pathfinder mission of DECIGO, B-DECIGO will be launched, hopefully in the 2020s, to demonstrate technologies necessary for DECIGO as well as to lead to fruitful multimessenger astronomy. B-DECIGO is a small-scale or simpler version of DECIGO with the sensitivity slightly worse than that of DECIGO, yet good enough to provide frequent detection of gravitational waves.

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Numerous astrophysical and cosmological observations are best explained by the existence of dark matter, a mass density which interacts only very weakly with visible, baryonic matter. Searching for the extremely weak signals produced by this dark matter strongly motivate the development of new, ultra-sensitive detector technologies. Paradigmatic advances in the control and readout of massive mechanical systems, in both the classical and quantum regimes, have enabled unprecedented levels of sensitivity. In this white paper, we outline recent ideas in the potential use of a range of solid-state mechanical sensing technologies to aid in the search for dark matter in a number of energy scales and with a variety of coupling mechanisms.