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The apparent vapor pressure of solid germanium dioxide, or the dissociation pressure for the reaction GeO2(c) = GeO(g)+1/2 O2(g), was measured over the temperature range 1,040 – 1,100°C by the Knudsen’s effusion method; the results are expressed by equation (4). From the free energy equation, the heat of reaction, the free energy and the entropy change of the reaction were calculated as ΔH298=121.7±0.3kcal./mol., ΔG298=101.7kcal./mol. and ΔS298=67.3 e.u., respectively. The heat of reaction is in good agreement with the value calculated from accessible thermal data. The normal entropy of solid germanium dioxide was calculated as S298=10.8±1.0 e.u., which is in agreement with the computed value obtained by Bues and von Wartenberg.

Reduced autobiographical memory specificity (rAMS) is a characteristic memory bias observed in depression. To corroborate the capture hypothesis in the CaRFAX (capture and rumination, functional avoidance, executive capacity and control) model, we investigated the effects of self-relevant cues and cue valence on rAMS using an adapted Autobiographical Memory Test conducted with a nonclinical population. Hierarchical linear modelling indicated that the main effects of depression and self-relevant cues elicited rAMS. Moreover, the three-way interaction among valence, self-relevance, and depression scores was significant. A simple slope test revealed that dysphoric participants experienced rAMS in response to highly self-relevant positive cues and low self-relevant negative cues. These results partially supported the capture hypothesis in nonclinical dysphoria. It is important to consider cue valence in future studies examining the capture hypothesis.

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M ajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced specificity in autobiographical memory. It has been argued that this tendency occurs through a failure of effortful generative retrieval, regardless of valence of cue word. However, we propose that in MDD general memories are likely to be recalled via direct retrieval, and direct retrieval is more likely for negatively valenced cues. To provide a preliminary test of this, a large sample with MDD (N = 298; M age = 47.2) completed the autobiographical memory test and indicated whether retrievals were generative or direct. Categoric and extended memories for negatively valenced cues were more often directly retrieved than generatively retrieved, and more often than direct retrieval for positively valenced cues. In contrast, categoric and extended memories for positively valenced cues were more often generatively retrieved relative to generative retrieval for negatively valenced cues. Relative to non-clinical samples, direct retrieval for negatively valenced cues was high. Retrieval method and valence may be moderating processes in the type of memories recalled. This preliminary work presents the possibility of an extension of theory on retrieval tendencies in MDD.

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