Negative item memory and associative memory: Influences of working memory capacity, anxiety sensitivity, and looming cognition

Matsumoto, Noboru; Kawaguchi, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101569

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…There have been reports that anxiety, stress and depression often co-existing and comorbid with post-traumatic stress disorder [23,24]. Recent neuroscience research showed higher anxiety sensitivity tends to increase PTSD severity [25]. People with higher levels of stress could nd it easy to be impatient, feel upset or agitated, and di cult to relax resulting in bad impacts on PTSD symptoms [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of PTSD Symptoms Among Psychiatric Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Tang

Gao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive public health concern and posed great challenges to the medical services, including the mental health concern for psychiatric patients who were one of neglected groups. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among psychiatric patients in China during the pandemic. Method: Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to psychiatric patients in several psychiatric hospitals in Beijing China from 28 April to 30 May 2020. The socio-demographic information and psychiatric symptoms such as PTSD, anxiety and depressive symptoms were collected by using The Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9). Multivariate regression was used to analysis the related factors for PTSD symptoms. Results: 1,055 psychiatric patients were included in the final sample. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 41.3%. Risk factors for PTSD symptoms and its subscales included old age, high risk perception, symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression. Conclusions: The prevalence of PTSD symptoms is high among psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. We call for more concern and PTSD interventions to relieve the psychological stress of psychiatric patients during the pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of PTSD Symptoms Among Psychiatric Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Tang

Gao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…although some studies did investigate these memory characteristics relatively shortly after learning. At such recent time points (i.e., immediately after learning, or 24h later), emotional episodes are characterized by strong item memory but weak contextual memory, in comparison to neutral episodes (Bisby & Burgess, 2014;Kensinger, 2009;Kensinger et al, 2007;Matsumoto & Kawaguchi, 2020;van Ast et al, 2013van Ast et al, , 2014Yonelinas & Ritchey, 2015). This co-occurrence of enhanced item memory and impaired contextual memory directly after learning is believed to be an important factor in the development of trauma intrusions and fear generalization: Strong emotional item memory that is just loosely bound to the encoding context may be readily cued in irrelevant contexts, such that disproportionate emotional responses can occur in safe situations (Brewin et al, 2010;Ehlers & Clark, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-dependent emotional memory transformation: divergent pathways of item memory and contextual dependency

Cox¹,

Meeter²,

Kindt³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Emotional memory can persist strikingly long, but it is believed that not all its elements are protected against the fading effects of time. So far, studies of emotional episodic memory have mostly investigated retention up to 24h post-encoding, and revealed that central emotional features (items) are usually strengthened, while contextual binding of the event is reduced. However, even though it is known for neutral memories that central versus contextual elements evolve differently with longer passage of time, the time-dependent evolution of emotional memories remains unclear. Hypothetically, compared to neutral memories, emotional item memory becomes increasingly stronger, accompanied by accelerated decay of – already fragile – links with their original encoding contexts, resulting in progressive reductions in contextual dependency. Here, we tested these predictions in a large-scale study. Participants encoded emotional and neutral episodes, and were assessed 30 minutes (N = 40), one day (N = 40), one week (N = 39), or two weeks (N = 39) later on item memory, contextual dependency, and subjective quality of memory. The results show that, with the passage of time, emotional memories were indeed characterized by increasingly stronger item memory and weaker contextual dependency. Interestingly, analyses of the subjective quality of memories revealed that stronger memory for emotional items with time was expressed in familiarity, whereas increasingly smaller contextual dependency for emotional episodes was reflected in recollection. Together, these findings uncover the time-dependent transformation of emotional episodic memories, thereby shedding light on the ways healthy and maladaptive human memories may develop.

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“…Anxiety symptoms were shared as associated factors for both PTSD symptoms and their subscales. Recent neuroscience research suggested that higher sensitivity to anxiety tended to increase the severity of PTSD [ 50 ]. Individuals with higher stress/fear levels might become impatient, feel upset or agitated, and experience difficulty relaxing, all of which would have a negative impact on PTSD symptoms [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients with mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic

Tang

Gao

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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Background The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive public health concerns, posing significant challenges to healthcare services. One particular area of concern is the mental health of patients with mental disorder, who are often a neglected group. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of, and associated factors for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients with mental disorder in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to patients in four psychiatric hospitals in Beijing, China, between April 28th and May 30th, 2020. Information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 related factors, support, psychosomatic factors, and PTSD symptoms were collected using a series of scales, such as the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, and so on. Multivariate regression was used to identify factors related to PTSD symptoms. Results A total of 1,055 patients with mental disorder were included in the final sample. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 41.3%. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated that fear of the pandemic and anxiety were shared associated factors for both symptoms of PTSD and their subscales. Additionally, age was an associated factor for the total PTSD (β = 0.12, p < 0.01), intrusion (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), and avoidance (β = 0.1, p < 0.05) symptoms; depression was an associated factor for the total PTSD (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), intrusion (β = 0.11, p < 0.01), and hyperarousal (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) symptoms. Conclusions The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was high among patients with mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. This study found that age, fear of the pandemic, anxiety and depression are significant associated factors of PTSD symptoms in patients with mental disorder during the pandemic. We call for higher awareness and introduction of PTSD interventions to relieve the psychological stress in these patients.

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Negative item memory and associative memory: Influences of working memory capacity, anxiety sensitivity, and looming cognition

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Prevalence of PTSD Symptoms Among Psychiatric Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prevalence of PTSD Symptoms Among Psychiatric Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Time-dependent emotional memory transformation: divergent pathways of item memory and contextual dependency

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients with mental disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic

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