Purpose. Description of pain is generally difficult in children, and more so in those with intellectual disabilities (ID). Aim. This study is aimed at evaluating dental pain from caregivers' perspective in children with ID. Methods. The study sampled 86 children (33 with ID, 53 normally developing) ages ranges from birth to 16 years old among those visiting the School of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Caregivers were asked about their awareness of dental pain in their wards using the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ+). The children were examined for dental caries and periodontal status. Results. The mean DDQ+ in children with ID (4.55 ± 3.46) was not significantly different from that in healthy children (4.19 ± 3.26, P = 0.7). Children with ID had more salivation (P = 0.01) and were putting their hands inside their mouths more often (P = 0.003). Conclusions. Caregivers can recognize dental pain-related behaviors in children with ID such as excessive salivation and putting hands inside the mouth more often.

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to examine caries experience and associated risk factors in children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). Methods: a total of 86 participants aged 3-13 years (33 with ID and 53 healthy) were included in the study. Participants received an oral examination and their caregivers completed a questionnaire. Caregivers were required to determine the “level of function” of their children with regards to performing self care daily activities (brushing teeth, feeding and self dressing, walking and performing toilet activities). Four levels of function were determined; (A) being completely independent, (D) completely dependent, (B) and (C) partially dependent on caregivers. Results: In healthy participants the mean dft score was 8.83 ± 4.99 whereas in those with ID the mean dft score was 6.81± 6.11. The mean DFT score in healthy participants was 2.32 ± 2.98 while the mean DFT in those with ID was 0.92±1.57. Both dft and DFT scores were significantly different between participants with ID and healthy ones (p = 0.042, p = 0.044 respectively). Caries status was not associated with gender, age or caregivers’ education in the study sample. Significant associations were found between caries experience in participants with ID and their type of school (p = 0.01), nature of diet (p = 0.001) and “level of function” (p = 0.007). Conclusions: the type of school, nature of diet and “level of function” may be considered as influential risk factors associated with caries experience in children and adolescents with ID.

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MI varnish had better remineralization effect in primary teeth than Prevident varnish in terms of higher mineral content and shallower lesion depth.

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Adsorption of carbaryl on Ca‐bentonite, and two Egyptian soils, a Nile alluvial and a highly calcareous soil, was carried out at different temperatures. Carbaryl adsorption increased as the temperature decreases. Ca‐bentonite exhibited the highest degree of adsorption followed by the Nile alluvial soil and the calcareous soil.The calculated partial molar heat of adsorption ΔH* for bentonite, alluvial and calcareous soils were −3.8, −0.924 and −10.282 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating that adsorption may be physical in nature. The ΔG* values of the three systems were −0.570, −0.118, and −0.346 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous in all cases. The adsorption data followed the Freundlich adsorption equation. The entropy values for the adsorption of carbaryl by the three adsorbents were −15.0, −36.7, and −8.0 entropy units indicating that carbaryl adsorption is favored by the alluvial soil that contains the highest organic matter content.

INTRODUCTION:Fluoride-releasing restorative materials can be used as a reservoir releasing small amounts of fluoride to the teeth over a long time.Giomer represents a new class of dental materials that uses the pre reacted glass technology (PRG) with excellent mechanical and esthetic properties. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the fluoride release ability of Giomer (Beautifil II) compared to Compomer (Dyract XP) and their fluoride recharge ability after exposure to topical fluoride varnish. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The sample consisted of 80 freshly extracted primary anterior teeth. Standardized buccal class V cavities were prepared. Sample was randomly divided into 2 groups: Group I: included 40 teeth restored with Beautiful II. Group II: included 40 teeth restored with Dyract XP following the manufacturer's guidelines. Fluoride release was evaluated in the artificial saliva on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days. After 21days of release, 5%NaF varnish was applied on buccal surface of all specimens. The amount of fluoride release after recharge was measured in the artificial saliva after 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days using fluorine ion-specific electrode. Data were analyzed using Friedman's two-way analysis of variance by ranks, Dunn-Sidak method, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks to achieve the aim of the study. RESULTS: Beautiful II released significantly higher amount of fluoride compared to Dyract XP in first 7 days at p<0.0125. Dyract XP released significantly higher amount of fluoride after 14 and 21 days at p<0.0125. After 5%NaF varnish treatment there was no significant difference in fluoride re-release amount of both Beautiful II and Dyract XP at p>0.0125. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride release (ppm) was found to be significantly higher in Beautiful II than Dyract XP in the first week. Giomer could be considered a suitable class V restoration of primary teeth in high caries risk children.