Wide energy gap inorganic halide perovskites have become emerging candidates for potential applications in modern optoelectronics devices.

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The lead-free metal halide perovskite materials are a potential candidate for optoelectronics and photovoltaic applications due to their promising and outstanding properties.

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An applicable use of density functional theory (DFT) along with nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) is done for exploring the temperaturedependent spin electron transport nature in a ferromagnetic tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) nanoribbon. To demonstrate the effect of temperature on spin filtration and spin Seebeck effect, we evaluated vital parameters such as spin-polarized current and spin filtration efficiency. Spin filtration efficiency of around ∼95% is obtained in the high-temperature difference range. The high temperature (T L ) of the left electrode in comparison to the high temperature (T R ) of the right electrode results in higher and lower spin filtration efficiency in parallel magnetization (PM) and antiparallel magnetization (APM), respectively. Transmission spectrum plots at equilibrium are also calculated in PM and APM to justify the temperature-dependent spin transport behavior in the WS 2 nanoribbon. Giant thermal magnetoresistance around 1.934 × 10 3 % is achieved. The temperature-dependent negative differential resistance behavior of the current plot has been observed. Huge value of thermal magnetoresistance (MR) and excellent spin filtration obtained for WS 2 nanoribbon suggests the potential application of this material in spin caloritronic devices.

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The metal trihalide perovskite material has been studied due to its promising and outstanding optoelectronic properties. This study reveals that reduced graphene oxide (rGO) makes a nanocomposite with CsSnBr3 perovskite and it has the potential for making efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). rGO is a very stable material with tunable electronic properties. For this reason, the incorporation of rGO shows inconsistent and ambiguous results. The crystal structure of the pristine CsSnBr3 and rGO/CsSnBr3 nanocomposite has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). rGO’s incorporation into perovskite improves the absorption of photons, increases the surface roughness, and affects the crystal quality of the rGO nanocomposite. We have studied the surface morphologies of rGO, CsSnBr3, and rGO nanocomposite material by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We have fabricated the solar cell device, and the corresponding calculated parameters are improved relatively after rGO incorporation. The best solar cell results are found for 3% rGO and the parameters are obtained to be a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.27%, V OC of 0.714 V, J SC of 12.04 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) of 61.32%. Therefore, rGO incorporated in a lead-free perovskite layer demonstrates highly promising properties for developing futuristic photovoltaic (PV) devices.