Tenability and improvement of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of lead-free CsSnCl₃perovskite by incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for optoelectronic applications

Abstract

The lead-free metal halide perovskite materials are a potential candidate for optoelectronics and photovoltaic applications due to their promising and outstanding properties.

Enhancement in the Structural and Optical Properties after Incorporation of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Nanocomposite in Pristine CsSnBr3 for Solar Cell Application

“…Moreover, the band gaps of both pristine perovskite material and rGO nanocomposites was calculated using Tauc’s relationship. The calculated direct band gap of the pristine perovskite and rGO nanocomposites (for 3% rGO) is found to be ∼1.85 and ∼1.75 eV, respectively, and after 3% rGO content, the band gap values are decreased as shown in Figure b. − …”

“…The higher angular shifts are attributed to the reduction of the lattice parameter; as a result, the lattice is contracted . Such reduction in lattice constant after rGO incorporation mainly occurs due to the generation of compressive microstrains, which affects the size of the lattice. , Furthermore, if the rGO content is increased, the hardness of the rGO nanocomposite is enhanced, which affects the lattice parameters . The parameters like FWHM, crystallite size, and lattice constant were calculated from the XRD results and are listed in Table .…”

Progress, challenges, and perspectives on polymer substrates for emerging flexible solar cells: A holistic panoramic review

“…The typical examples of hole‐transporting layers are Spiro‐OMeTAD, P3HT, CuI, NiO, CuSCN, and 2D materials such as MoS 2 278–280 . While examples of electron‐transporting layers are ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , IGZO, PCBM, graphene oxide, and so on 281,282 . These charge carrier transport layers are deposited on electrodes (anode and cathode) based on the device structure.…”

“…[278][279][280] While examples of electron-transporting layers are ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , IGZO, PCBM, graphene oxide, and so on. 281,282 These charge carrier transport layers are deposited on electrodes (anode and cathode) based on the device structure. A PSC exists in two diverse categories, including p-i-n junction for HTL/perovskite/ETL type and n-i-p junction for ETL/Perovskite/HTL type.…”

The transparent photovoltaic NiO/TiO2 orderly nanoarray pn junction via synergism of AgInS2 quantum dots and Ti3+ self-doping

“…Accordingly, the photovoltaic device has attracted significant attention. [5][6][7] This is because it can not only take advantage of free and clean solar energy but can also decrease the greenhouse effect partly via visible light absorption. Nowadays, many high-rise buildings and smart windows have emerged.…”