Efforts to tune the bulk physical properties of concrete are hindered by a lack of knowledge related to the atomiclevel structure and growth of calcium silicate hydrate phases, which form about 50-60% by volume of cement paste. Here we describe the first synthesis of compositionally uniform calcium silicate hydrate phases with Ca:Si ratios tunable between 1.0 and 2.0. The calcium silicate hydrate synthesized here does not contain a secondary Ca(OH)2 phase, even in samples with Ca:Si ratios above 1.6, which is unprecedented for synthetic calcium silicate hydrate systems. We then solve the atomic-level three-dimensional structure of these materials using dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced 1 H and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance experiments in combination with atomistic simulations and density functional theory chemical shift calculations. We discover that bridging interlayer calcium ions are the defining structural characteristic of single-phase cementitious calcium silicate hydrate, inducing the strong hydrogen bonding that is responsible for stabilizing the structure at high Ca:Si ratios.

Wide energy gap inorganic halide perovskites have become emerging candidates for potential applications in modern optoelectronics devices.

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A mesoscale pathway of calcium–silicate–hydrate precipitation, leading to nanocrystallites packing nematically in anisotropic particles is quantitatively described for the first time.

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An applicable use of density functional theory (DFT) along with nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) is done for exploring the temperaturedependent spin electron transport nature in a ferromagnetic tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) nanoribbon. To demonstrate the effect of temperature on spin filtration and spin Seebeck effect, we evaluated vital parameters such as spin-polarized current and spin filtration efficiency. Spin filtration efficiency of around ∼95% is obtained in the high-temperature difference range. The high temperature (T L ) of the left electrode in comparison to the high temperature (T R ) of the right electrode results in higher and lower spin filtration efficiency in parallel magnetization (PM) and antiparallel magnetization (APM), respectively. Transmission spectrum plots at equilibrium are also calculated in PM and APM to justify the temperature-dependent spin transport behavior in the WS 2 nanoribbon. Giant thermal magnetoresistance around 1.934 × 10 3 % is achieved. The temperature-dependent negative differential resistance behavior of the current plot has been observed. Huge value of thermal magnetoresistance (MR) and excellent spin filtration obtained for WS 2 nanoribbon suggests the potential application of this material in spin caloritronic devices.

The paper deals with detection and location of faults in underground cable network. For precision a three step process is followed in this paper, with creation of transmission system model using a Matlab/Simulink and followed by creation of faults in the system. In second step the fourier analyzed fault voltages and currents obtained from the SIMULINK model are fed to the training set of artificial neural network (ANN) in order to detect the type of fault. In the last step, an independent software OrCad is used to locate the fault distance from the either ends using the principle of time domain reflectometry in a simulated practical underground distribution system.