Pneumonia continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Pneumonia is the leading killer of children worldwide. For the diagnosis of pneumonia, the World Health Organization has introduced guidelines for the management of cases to reduce the mortality of these diseases on the basis of simple clinical signs followed by the empirical treatment with antibiotics. More than 99% of deaths related to pneumonia among children occur in countries having a low and middle income. To study the Radiological finding of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in children. Across sectional study was conducted in which the sample size for the study was calculated from the expected prevalence of CAP based on other studies (74%). The sample size calculated by the required criterion for this study is 96. I was able to cover 118 patients as per the inclusion criteria in this study. The Patients of pediatric age groups and either sex attending tertiary care hospital with complaints suggestive of CAP. In this study total number of patients are 118 included who presented with the signs and symptoms suggestive of pneumonia. The findings of chest X-Ray of Right Lung with respect to different bacterial agents. Consolidation of the Right upper lobe is found to be statistically significant with respect to Streptococcus pneumonia and consolidation of the right lower lobe is found to be statistically significant with respect to bacteria Staphylococcus aureus whereas there is no statistically significant association with respect to other bacteria. The radiological finding of CAP in children attending pediatric OPD was observed that there was no association with any other bacteria.
This study compares safety, efficacy, and cost of the new oral Factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban to fondaparinux, an injectable anticoagulant, for prevention of VTE (venous thromboembolism) after hip or knee arthroplasty within an IRF (inpatient rehabilitation facility). In this retrospective review, data was collected on the patients that were either status post total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty, admitted to the IRF over a 24 month period. All patients identified for inclusion in the study received either fondaparinux subcutaneously or rivaroxaban orally once daily as for VTE prevention. Primary efficacy outcomes were composite of any deep venous thrombosis, non-fatal PE (pulmonary embolism); and all-cause mortality. Primary safety outcomes were any major or non-major bleeding events. Analysis of 314 patient records (199 patients on rivaroxaban and 115 patients on fondaparinux) indicated no PE events. No DVT occurred in the patients prescribed rivaroxaban compared to 0.9% in the fondaparinux group. Major bleeding events occurred in 0.5% of patients prescribed rivaroxaban compared to 1.74% in fondaparinux group. Minor bleeding events occurred in 1% of patients prescribed rivaroxaban compared to 1.74% of patients in fondaparinux group. Direct acquisition cost analysis revealed 52% lower costs than fondaparinux, in the patients treated with rivaroxaban. In this study, rivaroxaban provided a safe and effective alternative to fondaparinux for prevention of VTE in post-operative total hip or knee replacement patients in the IRF setting. Rivaroxaban was also found to be favorable with respect to cost of acquisition, and ease of drug administration.
more units of blood. Minor bleeding events were defined as epistaxis, hemoccult stools, hematuria or hematoma Results or Clinical Course: Analysis of 1766 records demonstrated 1412 patients on warfarin, 218 on fondaparinux, 101 on rivaroxaban and 35 on enoxaparin. Patients treated with warfarin had major bleed incidence 0.85% (n¼12), minor bleed incidence 3.5 % (n¼49) and DVT/PE incidence 2.4% (n¼ 34).Those on fondaparinux had major bleed incidence 0.9% (n¼2), minor bleed incidence 2.3% (n¼ 5) and DVT/PE incidence 0.4% (n¼1). Those on rivaroxaban had no major bleeds, minor bleed incidence of 2% (n¼2) and no DVT/PE. Those on enoxaparin had major bleed incidence 2.8% (n¼1), minor bleed incidence 2.8% (n¼1) and no DVT/PE. Conclusions: Rivaroxaban and enoxaparin were most effective in that there were no incidences of DVT/PE; this was followed by fondaparinux. Warfarin was least effective with greater incidence of DVT/PE. Safety as measured by major bleeds was least in enoxaparin treated group, followed by fondaparinux and warfarin. Rivaroxaban was safest with no major bleeds and it was also favorable due to oral administration and not needing dose monitoring.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.