Background: Diabetes mellitus become one of the biggest global health problems of the 21st century. Type 2 diabetes play role for the majority of cases of diabetes worldwide which is characterized by the increase of postprandial blood glucose level. Maintaining postprandial glucose level through inhibition of α-glucosidase is one of the essential strategies in the treatment of diabetes. Inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase was commonly used to identify active compounds potentially to treat diabetes. Natural resources have potency as antidiabetic that can be used in diabetes treatment. Objective: The objective of the study is to separate active fraction in the crude extract of Garcinia hombroniana leaves to facilitate obtaining a pure biologically active compound as the α-glucosidase inhibitor. Methods: Fractionation to separate active fraction was performed using column and thin layer chromatography methods while α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay was performed in vitro using spectrophotometric methods at λ 400 nm. Results: Ethyl acetate and methanol extract of G. hombroniana yielded 14 and 12 fractions, respectively. Two fractions with the higher percent inhibition compared to other factions are fraction 8 from ethyl acetate extract (FEA8) and fraction 3 from methanol extract (FM3). The IC 50 values of FEA8, FM3 and acarbose are 16.370 μg/mL, 59.042 μg/mL, and 39.534 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: Fraction 8 from ethyl acetate extract of G. hombroniana leaves (FEA8) was separated and known in this study as the most bioactive α-glucosidase inhibitor agent compared with another extract, fractions, and acarbose.
Antioxidants are substances that can slow down the oxidation process of free radicals. Limpasu plant (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq) Muell. Arg), an indigenous plant of Borneo, is a natural antioxidant source. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the limpasu pericarpium extract. The extraction of the limpasu pericarpium was done by maceration method using solvents with increasing polarity ranging from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Antioxidant activities of the three extracts were measured by the DPPH and FRAP methods. The IC50 values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts, as well as quercetin using the DPPH method were 517,45 µg/mL, 530,64 µg/mL, 10,63 µg/mL and 6,83 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values obtained from FRAP method were 198,96 µg/mL, 190,07 µg/mL, 661,36 µg/mL, and 7,09 µg/mL, respectively. The results revealed that the methanol extract is more potent than other extracts tested for antioxidant activity.
Introduction: Radicals were compounds that generated in normal metabolism and create cell damage. A significant increase of free radical and decreased radical elimination can lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of many diseases. Enhanced supply of antioxidants will help prevent the morbidity of many diseases. Garcinia hombroniana Pierre has potency as an antioxidant, but study to evaluate the active fractions as an antioxidant has not been done. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of fractions separated from ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extract of Garcinia hombroniana leaves and to obtain active fractions to facilitate finding a pure antioxidant compound. Methods: The extract was fractionated using column chromatography, while antioxidant activity assay was conducted in vitro using spectrophotometric methods with DPPH and FRAP method. Results: EtOAc extract of G. hombroniana leaves yielded EA-8 with radical scavenging percentage 32.67% (10 ppm, with DPPH method) and EA-11 with antioxidant activity percentage 25.73% (10 ppm, with FRAP method) as the most active fraction from EtOAc extract, while MeOH extract yielded M-3 with radical scavenging percentage 37.42% (10 ppm, with DPPH method) and 26.70% (10 ppm, with FRAP method) as the most active fraction from MeOH extract Conclusion: Most active fractions has good antioxidant activity, worthy for further study to isolate antioxidant compound which is responsible for antioxidant activity. However, the percentage of radical scavenging or antioxidant activity of all active fractions were smaller than quercetin as a positive control.
Available synthetic antioxidants have been reported to have mutagenic and toxic effects. On the other hand, natural antioxidants show their superiority as they are not or less toxic. Passiflora foetida has the potential as an antioxidant, but the investigation of the antioxidant activity of the P. foetida chromatography column fraction has not been reported. This studied aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of the column chromatographic fractions of P. foetida leaves. An antioxidant assay using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The extraction was carried out by graded maceration, then fractionation using column chromatography. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH and FRAP methods. Thin Layer Chromatography analysis was performed to determine the chromatogram pattern. The EC50 using DPPH method from n-hexane extract: 129.035 µg/mL, ethyl acetate extract: 206.398 µg/mL, methanol extract: 97.453 µg/mL, while the EC50 using FRAP method from n-hexane extract: 67.851 µg/mL, ethyl acetate extract : 68.981 µg/mL, and methanol extract: 58.787 µg/mL. Column chromatography fractions have antioxidant activity, with FMetPF6 as the fraction with the best activity, with percent inhibition 41.85±1.96 at concentration 25 µg/mL (DPPH), and with percent antioxidant activity 26.03±0.84 at concentration 9 µg/mL (FRAP). Passiflora foetida leaves have great potential as an antioxidant; both the extract and its fractions have antioxidant activity. The FMetPF6 has the best activity compare to other extracts and fractions. Further analysis to determine the various compounds in FMetPF6 using LC-MS/MS will facilitate the active compound's isolation.
Background: Ficus deltoidea is a medicinal plant known for treatment by ethnic Dayaks, Kalimantan and called Tabat Barito. Empirically, the majority of Tabat Barito leaves are used to treat candidiasis. Scientific data on F. deltoidea activity in its activity against candidiasis or candida are still minimal. Metabolite profiling from the most active fraction of F. deltoidea against Candida has not been reported. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the most active part of F. deltoidea leaves against C. albicans by obtaining the most active fraction and identification of compounds in the most active fraction through metabolite profiling using UPLC-QToF-MS/ MS. Methods: The leaves were macerated using solvents with an increase in polarity, fractionation was done by column chromatography, while antifungal activity assay was carried out by diffusion method. Metabolite profiling was done using LC-MS/MS. Results: Assay results of extracts from F. deltoidea leaves against C. albicans showed that the best activity was owned by ethyl acetate extracts, with an inhibition zone of more than 10 mm. The strongest activity against C. albicans was shown by FrEA5 with an inhibition zone of 30.67 ± 1.155 mm, stronger than Voriconazole as a positive control with inhibition zone: 19.75 ± 0.5 mm. The metabolites that can be identified in FrEA5 were Nigeglanine; 1,1,2,3,3-Pentamethylindane; and 1,1'-(1,1-Ethenediyl)bis(3-methylpiperazine). Conclusion:This research shows that FrEA5 is the most active fraction of F. deltoidea leaves against C. albicans and the compounds contained in FrEA5 include Nigeglanine; 1,1,2,3,3-Pentamethylindane; and 1,1'-(1,1-Ethenedyl)bis(3methylpiperazine).
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