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Qualitative data from a survey of married women living in urban areas of Rawalpindi are presented here in an effort to better understand their views on contraceptive techniques and the factors that impact their use. A purposeful selection strategy was used to choose participants, and only married women of childbearing age were eligible to participate. In total, 12 focus groups were held in the urban region of Rawalpindi. Some modern contraceptive methods were known to the majority, but overall use was extremely low. The prevalence of any form of contraception, including IUDs, was especially low. Modern contraception is not widely used because of concerns about side effects, religious apprehensions about harming the unborn child, a lack of information, or a lack of access to high-quality treatment according to the findings. The number of young women in the Pakistan who utilize contraception is influenced by social, demographic, and economic factors. Young women’s access to contraception may be restricted unless these findings are included into public health programs. Access to family planning information and services for young women is highly recommended. Key words: Contraceptive Methods, Family planning, Urban areas, Rawalpindi

Midwifery service quality affects delivery outcomes the most. The aim of the study was to analyze the maternal outcome of pregnancies managed by the midwives and various factors which can affect the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes. Methodology: This retrospective study at DHQ Hospital MishtiMela Orakzai studied the district's rural midwife-led maternity healthcare system from July 2019 till June 2020. All midwives' cases were recorded and analyzed to establish the frequency of various maternal outcomes. All rural pregnant patients between 15 and 45 who presented to the government facility midwife at any stage of labor were recorded and maternal outcome and related factors were gathered. The aim of the study was to analyze the maternal outcome of pregnancies managed by the midwives and various factors which can affect the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes. Results: In our study, mean age of the patients was 27 SD 5.9 years (from 15 to 45) with gestational age of the patients from 14 to 42 weeks (mean 37.3 SD 2.5 weeks). Among the total 635 cases, 54% of the cases were of the age group 20 to 29 years. Around 19% of the cases in the labor room landed were preterm (<37 weeks of gestation), and 78% of the patients were multigravida. Incidence of LSCS in mid-wife managed pregnancies was 4.1% (26 of 635 cases), and successful vaginal deliveries were carried out in 92.9% cases (590 of 635). Conclusion: Researchers are hopeful that the findings will serve as a solid basis for further research and help them better understand how midwives and expectant mothers communicate and how to strengthen the relationship. These findings can be implemented as the basis for future courses in midwifery education. Efforts should be made to evaluate these educational programmes and their outcomes in the delivery room. Keywords: Mid-wife, LSCS, SVD, Vaginal delivery, Maternal Outcome

Family planning enables individuals and couples to anticipate and acquire their planned number of children including the spacing and timing of their births. It’s achieved by the use of birth control methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. It demonstrates that the Pakistan family planning program has been unable to work efficiently. To understand the constraints, academics are seeking to focus on reasons behind service delivery failures, cultural restrictions, and other relevant aspects. Furthermore, the Pakistan authorities have serious worries such as the socio-economic consequence of unrestrained population increase. The purpose of the study is to illustrate the factors influencing female’s decision regarding family planning. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehsil Sohawa, Punjab between August 2020 and December 2020. A data set of 210 individuals was obtained from Tehsil Sohawa, Punjab, Pakistan. The researcher administered questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The study results showed that female’s decision on family planning was mostly affected by education level, household structure, insufficient information about family planning as well and fear of unfavorable impacts of contra conception, and counseling services played a vital part in decision making related family. Keywords: Counseling services, Education, Family planning, Female’s decision