The pure-state evolution of the atomic as well as the field states in the resonant two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model with the field initially in the coherent state is studied. Analytic expressions for various quantities involved are obtained under the large-n approximation. It is shown that the atom as well as the field are approximately in the pure state for gt =k~/4, where k is an integer and in a completely pure state for gt =k~. The field states generated at the times gt =km/4 are shown to be a quantum superposition of the coherent states for a particular choice of the relative phase. The interference between these states leads to a spiked photon-number distribution but the field is still Poissonian. PACS number(s): 42.50.p, 03.65.w The advent of experiments on single Rydberg atoms involving one-photon transitions in high-Q cavities [1,2] has opened up new possibilities of exploring nonclassical effects in the atom-field interaction. Some of these effects include vacuum-field Rabi oscillations [3], the collapses and revivals [4], and emission and cavity-field spectra [5], etc. Most of these studies are based upon the one-photon Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM). While these novel effects relate to the atom or field alone, it should be noted
Family planning enables individuals and couples to anticipate and acquire their planned number of children including the spacing and timing of their births. It’s achieved by the use of birth control methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. It demonstrates that the Pakistan family planning program has been unable to work efficiently. To understand the constraints, academics are seeking to focus on reasons behind service delivery failures, cultural restrictions, and other relevant aspects. Furthermore, the Pakistan authorities have serious worries such as the socio-economic consequence of unrestrained population increase. The purpose of the study is to illustrate the factors influencing female’s decision regarding family planning. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehsil Sohawa, Punjab between August 2020 and December 2020. A data set of 210 individuals was obtained from Tehsil Sohawa, Punjab, Pakistan. The researcher administered questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The study results showed that female’s decision on family planning was mostly affected by education level, household structure, insufficient information about family planning as well and fear of unfavorable impacts of contra conception, and counseling services played a vital part in decision making related family. Keywords: Counseling services, Education, Family planning, Female’s decision
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