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Annual effective gamma doses were found to be higher than the world's average in soil samples. The excess lifetime cancer risks were only found higher than the world's average in soil samples.

The range of radioactivity levels in food samples of the present study is of no risk to public health. Heavy metal concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and As obtained were far below the established values by FAO/WHO limits.

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In this study, in order to determine the variation of seasonal air pollution levels in Rize province, Hypnum c. samples placed in the moss bags were placed into 12 stations during 4 seasons. Hypnum c. samples not placed in stations was defined as a control sample and was used to compare Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and Al concentrations in the stations. Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and Al concentrations of Hypnum c. samples, in control samples and the stations, were determined by using EDXRF Spectrometer. The average concentrations of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and Al in the stations were found as 9.5 µg.g-1, 2370 µg.g-1, 5.4 µg.g-1, 15.9 µg.g-1, 5.3 µg.g-1 and 3712 µg.g-1, respectively. These values were compared with the results obtained from other studies for determining heavy metal levels in samples of mosses, in Turkey. It was found that the average Al value in this study was higher than the average Al value obtained from national studies and average Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu and Pb values were lower than the average Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu and Pb values obtained from national studies. In addition, the average metal values obtained from this study were compared with the permissible metal limits for plants. The average Ni, Cu and Pb values were found lower than permissible values for plants and Cr, Fe and Al values were found higher than the permissible values for plants. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to determine if there was a difference in terms of the amounts of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and Al between the control sample and stations and between stations and seasons. According to the test results, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and Al concentrations between control samples and stations. Even though the total amount of Cr, Ni and Cu in the stations were seasonally different, these values did not make a statistically significant difference. According to the results of KWH test, total Fe amount in stations was found highest in Spring, lowest in Autumn, total Al amount was found highest in Spring, lowest in Summer, total Pb amount was found highest in Winter and lowest in Autumn and total Fe, Al and Pb levels showed statistically significant difference in terms of seasons.

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The main sources of atmospheric heavy metals deposition are agricultural activities, fossil fuels, central heating stations and the exhaust gases of motor vehicles. In this study, the total of 29 mosses samples were collected from contaminated points near the Isparta-Antalya, Burdur-Denizli, Burdur-Afyonkarahisar, Burdur-Fethiye (Muğla) and Burdur-Antalya highways (2-20m) and uncontaminated areas in 2012. Samples were analyzed by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) later microwave digestion methods. The highest accumulation levels detected as µg.g −1 Fe (1419.02)>Zn ( 158.44)>Mn (362.77)>Ni (109.53)>Cr (60.51)>Pb (30.38)>Cd (35.866)>Cu (25.17) for mosses. Element levels are differ depending on moss species and the location of collecting localities.