The aim of research was obtaining sugar beet haploids via gyno-genesis and their micropropagation. Haploids were obtained by ovule culture from fourteen diploid, monogerm, fertile genotypes. On the tested nutrient media genotypes exhibited different gynogenic potential. Eight haploid plant were chosen for further investigation and after development of first leaves put on micropropagation medium. The presence of cyto-kinin in medium stimulated development of axillary buds, while in some genotypes adventitious buds developed as well. Multiplication rate was not consistent, although number of developed plants grew after each sub-cultivation. Differences in plant multiplication started to differ after four subcultures. By testing of differences between correlation coefficients, i.e. multiplication rate during six subcultivations, it was determined that they significantly differ between tested genotypes
Nove hibridne sorte šećerne repe otporne prema rizomaniji Izvod: Rizomanija je jedno od najdestruktivnijih obolenja koje je do sada identifi kovano i opisano na šećernoj repi. Obolenje je vrlo kompleksnog karaktera, jer rizomaniju izaziva virus nekrotičnog žutila nerava šećerne repe (VNŽNŠR), a prenosilac virusa je parazitna gljiva Polymyxa betae. Smanjenje prinosa korena i sadržaja šećera kod osetljivih hibrida na zaraženom zemljištu može biti i preko 80%. U ovom momentu najefi kasnija i ekonomski najprihvatljivija mera suzbijanja je stvaranje i gajenje tolerantnih ili otpornih hibridnih sorti. Koristeći konvencionalne metode oplemenjivanja i različite izvore otpornosti prema ovom obolenju u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u 2009. godini priznate su dve diploidne hibridne sorte, Nora i Vera. Obe hibridne sorte se po kvantitativnim i genetičkim osobinama razlikuju, a zbog postojanja dva izvora i tipa otpornosti -tolerantnosti mogu se gajiti i na zemljištima sa vrlo visokim nivoom inokuluma. Obe hibridne sorte poseduju visoki genetički potencijal rodnosti za najvažnije proizvodne osobine. Ključne reči: hibridne sorte, kvantitativna svojstva, otpornost, rizomanija, tolerantnost L. Kovačev · N. Čačić · S. Mezei Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Srbija e-mail: lazar.kovacev@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs UvodNa povećanje prinosa u određenim agroekološ-kim uslovima direktno utiču dve grupe faktora: sorta (genotip) i tehnologija proizvodnje. Značaj sorte kao jednog od najcelishodnijeg i najekonomičnijeg načina povećanja prinosa davno je poznat i dokazan (Kovačev i sar. 1998). Rizomanija, koju izaziva virus nekrotičnog žutila nerava šećerne repe (VNŽNŠR), kod šećerne repe je najdestruktivnije obolenje koje je do sada opisano, te je gajenje tolerantnih ili otpornih sorti jedino ekonomski prihvatljivo rešenje koje još više ističe ulogu genotipa kao presudnog faktora visoke i stabilne proizvodnje.Kao potvrda kompleksnosti i destruktivnosti rizomanije može da posluži i činjenica da je od momenta identifi kacije i opisa obolenja pa do stvaranja prve visokotolerantne hibridne sorte prošlo više od trideset godina rada velikog broja istraživača genetičara, oplemenjivača, fi topatologa, virologa itd. (De Biaggi 2005).Identifi kacija i stvaranje otpornosti prema rizomaniji u Odeljenju za šećenu repu Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu počelo je u ranim osamdesetim godinama prošlog veka, a prva tolerantna sorta prema rizomaniji priznata je 2000. godine (Kovačev i sar. 2001(Kovačev i sar. , 2003.Rezultat višegodišnjeg intenzivnog, kontinuiranog i vrlo komplikovanog rada na stvaranju otpornih hibridnih sorti šećerne repe prema rizomaniji je priznavanje osam sorti od strane Odeljenja za priznavanje sorti Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šu-marstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije.Cilj ovog rada je da se prikažu kvantitativna svojstva i prednosti novopriznatih otpornih sorti šećerne repe (Nora i Vera) u odnosu na standard hibridnu sortu Rama koja je u godinama ispitivanja bila najraširenija otporn...
Results of the investigation regarding influence of harvest dates on quantitative traits of sugar beet are presented in this paper. The three-year trial was conducted on five varieties developed by Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between harvest dates in 2008 and 2010 for all analyzed traits, but in 2009, due to severe drought differences were not found. With the delay of harvest date, root and raw sugar yield increased, while sugar content was dependent on climatic conditions (precipitation) between two harvest dates. There were no differences among the analyzed genotypes for measured traits in 2010. Interaction between genotype and harvest date has not been confirmed. Variety Drena had the highest root and raw sugar yields in 2008 and 2010.
A three-year field trial was conducted to study the effect of plant population and harvesting dates on the yield of cleaned 2.0-6.0 mm seed and the seed yield (g) per plant. The highest seed yield was obtained with a spacing of 50 × 12 cm, or 160,000 plants/ha. A decrease in the plant-to-plant spacing to 9 cm decreased the yield by an average of 70 kg/ha over the three study years. The seed yield decreased to an even greater extent when the plant-to-plant spacing was 16 or 24 cm. The seed yields increased the most between the first and second harvesting dates: 400 kg/ha, or 50 kg/ha a day. On the last harvesting date, the seed yield was as low as 5-8 kg/ha. The yield loss was somewhat higher in the most densely sown treatment. The effect of spacing and harvesting date on seed yield per plant was similar to that on total seed yield.
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