ABSTRAK:Citrus aurantifolia (jeruk nipis) merupakan bahan alam yang memiliki potensi aktivitas sebagai antiseptik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi sabun cuci tangan cair dan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antiseptiknya. Dibuat tiga formula cabun cuci tangan (Formula I, Formula II, dan Formula III, dengan konsentrasi air perasan jeruk nipis masing-masing 20, 30, dan 40%). Evaluasi meliputi pH dan karakteristik fisik sediaan yang terdiri dari organoleptis, bobot jenis, dan viskositas. Uji efek antiseptik dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode replika. Hasil pengujian organoleptis menunjukkan sabun cair bersifat transparan, homogen, dan berwarna kuning pucat dengan bau khas jeruk nipis. Hasil pengujian viskositas dan pH sediaan belum memenuhi kriteria Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Peningkatan konsentrasi air perasan jeruk nipis membuat penurunan yang signifikan pada viskositas dan pH. Uji efek antiseptik ditunjukkan dengan persentase reduksi bakteri. Persentase reduksi bakteri pada Formula I, II, dan III berturut-turut adalah 61,25; 68,89; dan 89,06%. Terlihat bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi air perasan jeruk nipis dapat mengurangi jumlah koloni bakteri dengan lebih baik. Uji statistika dengan Anova one-way (α = 0,05) yang dilanjutkan dengan LSD menunjukkan bahwa persentase reduksi bakteri pada ketiga formula berbeda secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan formula kontrol (persentase reduksi bakteri = 35,8%). Namun demikian, jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (persentase reduksi bakteri = 71,79%) menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna.Kata Kunci: Citrus aurantifolia; sabun cuci tangan; karakteristik; pH; antiseptik (Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III, with a concentration of lime juice 20, 30, and 40%, respectively) Formula I, II, and III were 61.25, 68.89, and 89.06%, respectively. Statistical evaluation using one-way Anova (α = 0.05) followed by LSD showed the percentage of bacterial reduction in three formulas were significantly different compared to the control formula (percentage of bacterial reduction = 35.8%). However, when the result were compared to the positive control (percentage of bacterial reduction = 71.79%), there was no significant difference. ABSTRACT: Citrus aurantifolia (lime) is the natural ingredients having potential activity as an antiseptic. This study aimed to formulate a hand wash liquid soap with active ingredients lime juice and to evaluate its antiseptic activity. Three different formulas
Chewable gummy tablets consist of sugar and a gelling agent. Adding Moringa oleifera leaf powder to this dosage form provides health benefits since it contains high antioxidants and nutrients. This study developed chewable gummy tablets containing moringa leaf powder using two types of gelling agents, each prepared with three different concentrations. Gelatin was made in 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% concentrations, while pectin was 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the type of gelling agent and concentration on the physical characteristics of the chewable gummy tablets produced, including visual appearances, weight variation, tablet dimension, swelling ratio, dispersion time, syneresis, and texture profile (hardness, chewiness, and gumminess). The chewable gummy tablets were prepared by heating and congealing, and then their physical characteristics were analyzed using a completely randomized design (α=0.05). The results showed that the type and concentration of the gelling agent and the interaction between the two factors significantly affected the dispersion time, syneresis, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness (p<0.05). Among the prepared formulations, chewable gummy tablets developed using 10% gelatin and 1.5% pectin are considered optimal because these fulfill all the physical characteristics requirement, show no syneresis, and provide the best texture.
Saintifikasi Jamu, or the scientific investigation of Jamu, is an evidence-based process to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine through health service research. Jamu has been empirically explored as a composition of various crude drugs, hence called as Scientific Jamu. Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis are two of the 30 medicinal plants processed into Scientific Jamu. Components of the Scientific Jamu are standardized to ensure that these materials meet the predefined quality. This study was aimed to determine the specific parameters (macroscopic, microscopic, total flavonoid content, water-soluble extract content, and ethanol-soluble extract content) and non-specific parameters (loss on drying, total ash content, and acid insoluble ash content) of Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis collected from Batu, Tawangmangu, and Bogor. The methods of the determination referred to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st Edition (2008). The results showed that Phyllanthus niruri and Sonchus arvensis from the three places did not meet the standard requirement.
Jamu is Indonesian indigenous herbal medicine that has been used empirically to prevent and treat various diseases. To provide evidence on its safety and efficacy, Indonesian government has developed Jamu into Standardized Herbal Medicine and Phytopharmaca. Another strategy is development of Jamu into Scientific Jamu. This herbal medicine has assurance on safety and efficacy through health service-based research. Its raw material is various crude drugs. The problem of this type of raw material is that, depending on the environmental conditions, the quality can vary significantly. This study aimed to standardize crude drug of four medicinal plants included in the composition of Scientific Jamu. They are Orthosiphonis Staminei Folium, Centellae Asiaticae Herba, Curcumae Domesticae Rhizomae, and Curcumae Xanthorrhizae Rhizomae which were collected from three different origins in Indonesia, i.e.: Batu, Bogor, and Tawangmangu Districts. Standardization was conducted by determination of specific parameters (macroscopic, microscopic, total phenolics or flavonoids content, water and ethanol soluble extract) and non specific parameters (loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash). The results were then compared to Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia to conclude wether the crude drugs have a good quality. Orthosiphonis Staminei Folium, Centellae Asiaticae Herba, Curcumae Domesticae Rhizomae, and Curcumae Xanthorrizae Rhizomae from Batu, Tawangmangu, and from Bogor met specific parameters (macroscopic, microscopic, water and ethanol soluble extracts) as required by Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. However, they failed to comply some non specific parameters especially ash content. All the results represented important information origin of the plant material and the crude drugs should be checked for their specific and non specific parameters before used to ensure their quality.
Context: Curcuma longa (turmeric) is extensively cultivated as spices and herbal medicines in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Geographical origin is known to significantly determine the quality of the herbs used and, consequently, the safety and efficacy of their products. Aims: To validate and develop TLC-fingerprint combined with chemometrics to differentiate C. longa collected from various origins. Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed together with chemometric methods, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), to evaluate the quality of C. longa rhizomes collected from nine origins in Indonesia. Results: Chloroform, dichloromethane, and ethanol (64:64:1) were a suitable mobile phase for C. longa. The method used met the requirements for a stable and precise TLC system. As analyzed by the chemometric techniques, the TLC-fingerprints could discriminate C. longa from various origins. The PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PCs) and CA clearly distinguished two clusters of simples. Conclusions: When combined with PCA and CA, TLC-fingerprinting can discern the rhizomes of C. longa sourcedfrom various locations. TLC-fingerprints that are analyzed with chemometrics can be used as an alternative marker-oriented method for evaluating the quality of C. longa.
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