Background: Many histological stains cause health hazards to technicians, pathologists, and researchers. The hazard-free and eco-friendly natural anthocyanins have the potential to be a new source for histological stains. This study aims to systematically review the use of plant products containing anthocyanin for histopathological diagnosis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was done using suitable keywords on Wiley, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. A total of 30 articles were selected for systematic review, where data obtained from the studies were tabulated. Results: About 90% of the reviewed studies have proven that anthocyanin-containing plant products may be used as natural stains. Out of the 30 studies, 49% involved the use of Hibiscus extract, 11% utilised mulberry extract, 9% utilised pomegranate, another 9% involved rose, and the remaining ones utilised black plum, black rice, butterfly pea, the flame of woods, onion skin, and red poppy extracts. Almost 40% of the studies concluded that aqueous extracts are superior to alcohol ones, and 46% used either iron or alum as mordant. Conclusion: Natural stains containing anthocyanin could be a better alternative to synthetic histological stains. Further extensive studies should be conducted to observe the use of these stains in pathological diagnosis.
Introduction:Cervical carcinoma is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. An estimated of 2,30,000 women die annually from cervical cancer, and almost 1,90,000 are from developing countries. It is considered to be the 3rd most common malignancy among women. Materials and Methods: This is a 5 year retrospective study done in the department of pathology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal. Hysterectomy and cervical biopsies are included in this study. Clinical details were obtained from case sheets. Results: 175 cases of cervical neoplasms were studied in total. The patient's age was ranged 21 to 80 years with mean being 50.5 years. Among the commonest complaints was post-menopausal bleeding followed by menorrhagia and intermenstrual spotting. 49% cases had a growth in the cervix followed by 12% cases with induration and 10% cases as polyp in cervix. Among the 175 cases, 14.86% cases were precursor lesions. Among the malignant cases, squamous cell carcinomas (61.71%) were the commonest. Rare tumour includes 2.86% cases of minimally invasive carcinoma, 1.71% cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma, and 1.14% cases each of serous carcinoma. Conclusion: Neoplastic lesions from the uterine cervix comprise of a wide variety of lesions originating from both the epithelial and stromal elements. Among the malignant tumours, squamous cell carcinoma was very common. Hence, a thorough clinical evaluation and post-menopausal health check-ups along with detailed cervical examination and microscopic evaluation is the key towards correct and timely diagnosis of cervical neoplasms.
Oncocytes are epithelial cells having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The presence of oncocytes in salivary glands pose a diagnostic challenge since they can be present in lesions ranging from non-neoplastic, benign to malignant. FNAC is a simple procedure which can aid in the pre-operative diagnosis of these lesions. This study is an eight year retrospective study in which salivary gland aspiration cytology cases having oncocytic cells and with available corresponding histopathology were included. These slides were reviewed for features like cellularity, presence of oncocytic cells, glandular elements, squamoid cells, nuclear atypia, mitosis, lymphoid tissue, necrosis. Twenty cases were included in the study. The mean age of presentation was 60 years showing male preponderance with parotid gland being the most common site of involvement. Concordant diagnosis on cytology and histopathology was seen in 16 cases and discordance was seen in 4 cases. All the discordant cases were reported as benign on cytology but on histopathology they were labelled as acinic cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and an intraparotid lymph node respectively. Review of discordant cases showed subtle findings like ill-formed acini, cytoplasmic vacuolation, goblet cells and dysplastic foci raising suspicion of a different diagnosis. The potential areas of pitfall and cause of discrepancy have been discussed in this study. It is crucial to be aware of the spectrum of lesions in which oncocytes are seen, to enable an accurate diagnosis on cytology. Careful evaluation of smears for subtle clues can minimize errors.
Background: Fallopian tubes are affected by a wide spectrum of diseases varying from salpingitis to carcinoma. Most pathological processes involving the fallopian tube are inflammatory and are of clinical significance because they interfere with the function of the fallopian tube and result in infertility. Although fallopian tube is affected by a wide spectrum of diseases, a literature search reveals that there are only occasional studies, documenting histologic changes in the fallopian tube removed for all reasons. This prompts the present study. The aim is to study the gross and microscopic features of the excised fallopian tubes and to study the common and unusual lesions in them and to study the frequency of histological findings and relative frequencies of different findings. Materials and methods: Four hundred and forty-five cases of fallopian tubes that were removed were studied retrospectively, and their histopathological findings documented. Results: The majority of the fallopian tubes had inflammatory changes comprised of acute and chronic salpingitis, salpingitis isthmica nodosa, tuberculous salpingitis, xanthogranulomatous salpingitis, hematosalpinx, and hydrosalpinx. Sixteen cases comprised of ectopic pregnancy. One case of primary fallopian tube adenocarcinoma and two cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion:The majority of the fallopian tubes remain unremarkable in a majority of the surgical pathology specimens, yet the fallopian tube must be subjected to a thorough histopathological examination to evaluate the various pathological lesions.
Fibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of the breast in young females. Breast cancer arising within a fibroadenoma is a rare phenomenon. The incidence of carcinoma within a fibroadenoma is reported to be between 0.1% and 0.3% in a screened population, with a peak age of occurrence between the 4th and 5th decade. We present a case of 29-year-old female with ductal carcinoma in situ in a background of fibroadenoma. There is a low percentage of fibroadenomas harboring carcinoma; however, all breast lumps should be seriously managed; extirpation and histological examination is recommended.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.