Background:The oligomeric state of ␣-syn in vivo remains unknown. Results: ␣-syn in the CNS and produced by erythrocytes, mammalian cells, and Escherichia coli exists predominantly as a disordered monomer. Conclusion: Native ␣-syn from various sources behaves as unstructured and monomeric. Significance: Stabilizing monomeric ␣-syn, lowering its levels, and/or inhibiting its fibrillization remain viable therapeutic strategies for Parkinson disease.

We present the state-of-the-art in miniaturized sample preparation, immunoassays, one-dimensional and multidimensional analyte separations, and coupling of microdevices with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Hyphenation of these different techniques and their relevance to proteomics will be discussed. In particular, we will show that analytical performances of microfluidic analytical systems are already close to fulfill the requirements for proteomics, and that miniaturization results at the same time in a dramatic increase in analysis throughput. Throughout this review, some examples of analytical operations that cannot be achieved without microfluidics will be emphasized. Finally, conditions for the spreading of microanalytical systems in routine proteomic labs will be discussed.

Taken together, our data show that RMPs have FXI-dependent procoagulant properties and are able to initiate and propagate TG. The anionic surface of RMPs might be the site of FXI-mediated TG amplification and intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complex assembly.

Background and Objectives Microparticles (MPs) are small phospholipid vesicles of less than 1 μ m, shed in blood flow by various cell types. These MPs are involved in several biological processes and diseases. MPs have also been detected in blood products; however, their role in transfused patients is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize those MPs in blood bank conditions. Materials and MethodsQualitative and quantitative experiments using flow cytometry or proteomic techniques were performed on MPs derived from erythrocytes concentrates. In order to count MPs, they were either isolated by various centrifugation procedures or counted directly in erythrocyte concentrates.Results A 20-fold increase after 50 days of storage at 4 ° C was observed (from 3370 ± 1180 MPs/ μ l at day 5 to 64 850 ± 37 800 MPs/ μ l at day 50). Proteomic analysis revealed changes of protein expression comparing MPs to erythrocyte membranes. Finally, the expression of Rh blood group antigens was shown on MPs generated during erythrocyte storage.Conclusions Our work provides evidence that storage of red blood cell is associated with the generation of MPs characterized by particular proteomic profiles. These results contribute to fundamental knowledge of transfused blood products.

Since 1990, several techniques have been developed to photochemically inactivate pathogens in platelet concentrates, potentially leading to safer transfusion therapy. The three most common methods are amotosalen/UVA (INTERCEPT Blood System), riboflavin/UVA-UVB (MIRASOL PRT), and UVC (Theraflex-UV). We review the biology of pathogen inactivation methods, present their efficacy in reducing pathogens, discuss their impact on the functional aspects of treated platelets, and review clinical studies showing the clinical efficiency of the pathogen inactivation methods and their possible toxicity.

There has been a recent trend towards the miniaturization of analytical tools, but what are the advantages of microfluidic devices and when is their use appropriate? Recent advances in the field of micro-analytical systems can be classified according to instrument performance (which refers here to the desired property of the analytical tool of interest) and two important features specifically related to miniaturisation, namely reduction of the sample volume and the time-to-result. Here we discuss the contribution of these different parameters and aim to highlight the factors of choice in the development and use of microfluidic devices dedicated to protein analysis.

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