Several deep eutectic solvents prepared by the complexation of choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donors such as urea, thiourea, ethylene glycol, and glycerol were employed to partition glaucarubinone, an antimalarial compound present in roots of the plant, Simarouba glauca. Among all the solvents, the deep eutectic solvent consisting of the mixture of choline chloride and urea the most suitable to partition the antimalarial compound from the extract selectively. Analytical tools such as high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were used for characterizations, and glaucarubinone extracted from the roots of the plant by conventional solvent extraction method was used as a reference for comparison. The hydrogen and noncovalent bonds formed between glaucarubinone and the deep eutectic solvents could be responsible for the selective partition of the drug molecule.
Four cytoplasmic genetic male sterile (CMS) lines and their respective maintainer lines of rice were used in this experiment. The CMS lines included were newly developed line Pant CMS3A along with other three existing CMS lines i.e. IR58025A, Pusa 6A and IR 79156A These were planted in four rows of 6 meter length along two rows of respective maintainer lines were also planted aside. The hybrid seed set under natural conditions was allowed without GA3 application and supplementary pollination. Observations were recorded on plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of tillers/plant, out crossing rate (%), panicle exertion (%), panicle length (cm), number of filled grains, total number of grains and yield (Kg/ha). The panicle exertion in Pant CMS 3A showed significant advantage over widely used CMS lines viz. IR58025A, Pusa 6 and IR79156A with respect to panicle exertion, out crossing rate and days to 50% flowering. If this line is utilized in the hybrid seed production, use of GA3 can be avoided and seed yield can be enhanced.
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