The Aesesa Flores (AF) watershed has an important role for the community in the district of Ngada and Nagekeo, East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. However, in recent years, over exploitation of natural resources in the AF watershed has caused severe land degradation in the region. This study analyzed the carrying capacity of the AF watershed. The assessment of the AF watershed carrying capacity in this study was done according to the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry Regulation Number P.61/2014 that regulates the monitoring and evaluation of watershed management. The main objectives of this study were to assess the carrying capacity of the AF watershed, and evaluate the suitability of the aforementioned regulation to its condition. The results of carrying capacity analysis showed that the upstream region of the AF watershed was categorized to have a low carrying capacity condition, while both the middle and downstream region of the watershed were categorized to have a moderate carrying capacity condition. These results indicated that there was a need to prioritize the rehabilitation and land management in the upstream region of the AF watershed, in order to improve its condition.
ABSTRAKPengelolaan DAS Aesesa Flores di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur menjadi penting dan prioritas karena isu daerah kepulauan, kesulitan mendapatkan air bersih, ketersediaan pangan dan kemiskinan, serta keterbelakangan pembangunan. Keberhasilan pengelolaan DAS yang berkelanjutan sangat ditentukan oleh kinerja kelembagaannya. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2018 ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kelembagaan ditinjau dari aspek kendala, kebutuhan program dan actor/lembaga yang berperan dalam pengelolaan DAS Aesesa Flores. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, khusus data primer diperoleh dari 7 (tujuh) orang pakar melalui pengisian kuesioner. Metode analisis data menggunakan pendekatan ISM (Interpretative Strutural Modellling) untuk menentukan factor kunci yang paling berperan dalam pengelolaan region hulu, tengah, dan hilir DAS Aesesa Flores. Hasilnya bahwa pengelolaan DAS AF yang berkelanjutan masih menghadapi 9 kendala pokok, membutuhkan 11 program, terdapat 5 aktor utama yang berperan dalam pengelolaan DAS AF yakni BPDAS Benain Noelmina, Forum DAS NTT, BWS NTT2, Masyarakat dan LSM. Pengelolaan DAS AF masih bersifat eksploitasi, belum mengarah pada pembangunan berkelanjutan dan tidak didukung dengan kelembagaan yang mumpuni sehingga diperlukan segera upaya untuk mengatasi kendala, implementasi program pokok, dan peningkatan peran dan kordinasi actor/pelaku pengelolaan DAS AF yang berkelanjutan.ABSTRACTThe management on the Aesesa Flores (AF) watershed is important, particularly because of the imminent issues of clean water needs, food securities and a poverty rate of the local communities. The success of this management is influenced by the institution and governance in the AF watershed. This study was done from April to May 2018, and the main objective of the study is to determine the key factors that related to the AF watershed management. There were three main elements that were analyzed in this study, namely: (1) the key actors; (2) the key requirements; and (3) the key hindrances that influencing the AF watershed management. This study was using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) to determine the key factors in each element. The data was collected primarily from an in-depth interview with 7 experts in the field of watershed management. The results from this study showed that there were 5 key actors that have the main influence in the AF watershed management, which are: (1) BPDAS (Governmental Watershed Institution); (2) Forum DAS (community forum of AF watershed); (3) BWS NTT2 (Regional River Management Institution); (4) Local communities; and (5) NGO (Non-Government Organization). The results from this study also suggested that the AF watershed management was explorative, thus may lead to unsustainable natural resources usage. Therefore, this study suggested that in order to achieve a sustainable watershed and natural resources usage, the relevant actors need to collaborate together to create a balance action plan that protects the environment, promoting economic growth and social affluence.Keywords: Aesesa Flores watershed, Interpetative Structural Modelling, watershed institution and governanceSitasi: Noywuli, N., Sapei, A., Pandjaitan, N.H dan Eriyatno (2018). Model Kelembagaan Pengelolaan DAS Aesesa Flores, Provinsi NTT. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(2),136-146, doi.org/10.14710/jil.16.2.136-146
Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai Aesesa Flores (DAS AF) seluas 129 005 ha yang berada tengah Pulau Flores Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) ini, perlu mendapatkan perhatian dan menjadi prioritas berbagai pihak, dikarenakan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: 1) Debit air salah satu mata air (mukufoka) di hulu DAS Aesesa Flores yang digunakan oleh PDAM Bajawa terus menurun, dimana pada tahun 2003 sebesar 26.7 lt/dt
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