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Posterior scleritis must be considered in patients with decrease of vision, mild to severe pain, optic disc edema, and/or posterior uveitis. Moderate to severe pain may be associated with poorer visual outcome.

The presence of necrotising changes or corneal involvement in the setting of scleral inflammation is highly suggestive of an underlying systemic vasculitis, of which GPA is the most common. These features should alert the doctor/optometrist and prompt a thorough diagnostic approach and an aggressive treatment given that it could reveal a life-threatening disease.

An age-associated risk of uveitis was observed in children younger than 3 years at the time of JIA onset. ESR values at arthritis onset higher than 22 mm/h were also related to uveitis development.

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The results of this study suggest that pars plana vitrectomy has a beneficial effect on the course and visual function of patients with vitreo-retinal complications associated with pars planitis.

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