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IMPORTANCE Home time, defined as time spent at home after hospital discharge, is emerging as a novel, patient-oriented outcome in stroke recovery and end-of-life care. Longer home time is associated with lower mortality and higher patient satisfaction. However, a knowledge gap exists in the measurement and understanding of home time in the population undergoing surgery.OBJECTIVES To examine the association between postoperative home time and quality of life (QoL), functional status, and decisional regret and to identify themes regarding the meaning of time spent at home after surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis mixed-methods study including a survey and qualitative interviews used an explanatory sequential design involving 152 quantitative surveys followed by in-depth interviews with 12 participants from February 26, 2020, to December 17, 2020. US veterans older than 65 years who underwent inpatient surgery at a single-center veterans hospital within the prior 6 to 12 months were studied. EXPOSURES Quality of life, measured by the Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey and 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure scale; functional status, measured by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL scales; and regret, measured by the Decision Regret Scale. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Home time, standardized as percentage of total time spent at home from the time of surgery to the time of survey administration. Associations between home time and QoL, function, and decisional regret in the survey data were analyzed using Spearman correlation in the overall cohort and in operative stress score subcohorts (1-2 [low] vs 3-5 [high]) in a stratified analysis. The 12 semistructured interviews were analyzed to elicit patients' perspectives on home time in postoperative recovery. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using content and thematic analysis and integrated with quantitative data in joint displays. RESULTS A total of 152 patients (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [4.4] years; 146 [96.0%] male) were surveyed, and 12 patients (mean [SD] age, 72.3 [4.8] years; 11 [91.7%] male) were interviewed. The median time to survey completion was 307 days (IQR, 265-344 days). The median home time was 97.8% (IQR,

Leaders are rated more favorably if, according to the social identity theory of leadership, they are prototypical of a group that members identify with; and if, according to expectation states theory, they possess characteristics that benefit the group because (a) such characteristics help the group perform its specific task (specific status characteristics) and/or (b) such characteristics are generally associated with societally valued social categories (diffuse status characteristics). These theories were compared in the context of small interactive groups where students (N 5 534) rated a hypothetical leader. Leader characteristics (group prototypicality, diffuse status, specific status) were manipulated in a 2 3 2 3 2 between-subjects design, and group identification was measured. As predicted, leaders higher in status characteristics and prototypicality were rated better, and stronger identification predicted better ratings of highly prototypical leaders, but did not impact how status characteristics affected ratings. Higher diffuse characteristics also predicted better ratings of highly prototypical leaders. These findings suggest status characteristics and leader prototypicality affect perceptions of leader effectiveness, but as people identify more with the group, prototypicality becomes more important.