Over the past decade, oxidative stress was shown to be a key factor for various diseases. The term “antioxidant” also rapidly gained attention worldwide, viewed as beneficial in disease prevention. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, is a plant antitoxin formed in response to harmful environmental factors such as infection and injury. This antitoxin is found in grapes, strawberries, peanuts, or herbal medicines and exhibits many pharmacological effects involved in antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and antioxidation stress mechanisms. Recently, numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that RSV harbors antioxidative stress properties and can be used as an antioxidant. Here, we review the free radical scavenging ability, antioxidant properties, signaling pathways, expression and regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress-related diseases associated with RSV.
The Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii, is an important aquaculture species in China with annual production of about 150 thousand tons in 2015. In this study, we investigated the regulatory proteins and pathways affecting embryonic development of Amur sturgeon, by analyzing of the differential proteomes among four embryonic developmental stages using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), combined with the analysis of effects of microelements and antioxidants on embryonic development. Seventy-four, 77, and 76 proteins were differentially expressed according to iTRAQ analysis between the fertilized egg and blastula, blastula and neurula, and neurula and heart-beat stages, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that Gluconeogenesis, Ribosome and Proteasome were the most enriched pathways, which may promote energy formation, immune system protection and protein synthesis process in A. schrenckii. The measurement of microelements indicated that Mn, Cu and Fe were obtained from their parents or water environment in A. schrenckii, while Zn plays vital roles throughout embryonic development. The dramatically high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) across the embryonic development may be the main reason leading to a low hatching rate in A. schrenckii. This study provides the basis for further proteome analysis of embryonic development in A. schrenckii.
Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckiii Brandt 1869 and kaluga Huso dauricus (Georgi 1775) are critically endangered species with populations showing significant decline from historical levels due to overexploitation, yet little is known about their population structure. Adults are not often captured in the Fuyuan reach of the Amur River, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, and the government prioritizes juvenile sturgeon management. This study was conducted to determine the age and length/weight relationships of juvenile Amur sturgeon and kaluga in the Fuyuan reach of the Amur River. We estimated age using pectoral fin spine sections obtained from 65 juvenile Amur sturgeon and 50 juvenile kaluga. We compared the age estimates from two readers, and found 100% between‐reader agreement in 67.7% of the Amur sturgeon and 64.0% of the kaluga. The majority of differences in estimated age were within 1 year. Length/weight relationships (LWR) were calculated, and the LWR of the Amur sturgeon and kaluga were W = 0.0025L3.106 (r2 = 0.966)and W = 0.0022L3.175 (r2 = 0.989), respectively. Our study provides the age structure and LWR in juveniles of two sturgeon species.
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