Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex process, in which cellular and chemicalchanges occur. When a force is applied onto a tooth, it causes tissue injury,compression of periodontal ligament and bone deformation. These procedures lead tofollowed by certain biochemical reactions at cellular level which results in boneremodeling. Thus a process of signal transduction occurs. In this process, somemessengers are released, including prostaglandin. Prostaglandin is an arachidonicacid metabolite, released when cell membrane is deformed. Prostaglandin,particularly PGE, play a role in bone metabolism and orthodontic tooth movement.Prostaglandin will stimulate the release of second messengers, i.e. cAMP and calciumintracellular. These second messengers will activate osteoclasts. Prostaglandin willalso induce RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand) to initiateosteoclasts differentiation. Some researchers proved that application of prostaglandinin orthodontic treatment can accelerate tooth movement.
Smile is a non-verbal communication to express spontaneous feelings and emotions. Most patients that come to have orthodontic treatments want to have an attractive smile, but before the treatment smile has not yet been studied. There are eight components to make ideal frontal smile: lip line, smile arc, upper lip curve, buccal corridor, symmetry of smile, occlusal plane, dental and gingival components. This study was descriptive in design, in order to obtain frontal smile description before orthodontic treatment of RSGMP FKG UI patients that were grouped according to facial form, age, and gender. The results of the study show that patient smile before orthodontic treatment frequently exhibits medium lip line and the mean of incisor display at 75% of clinical crown. Most subjects show gingival display of 2 mm or less. On the smile arc, the most common features are straight smile and consonant smile. Equally common smile arc positions are those touching and not touching lower lip. The average buccal corridor is in medium smile, and thus most subjects have straight upper lip curves and symmetric smiles. PendahuluanBerdasarkan hubungan garis bibir atas dan gigi ins isif r ahang atas, senyu m dibagi menjadi senyum rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Bentuk smile arc yang ideal bila sejajar dengan kurva bibir bawah saat tersenyum. 1-3 Posisi smile arc terhadap bibir bawah dibagi tiga yaitu kurva gigi insisif atas menyentuh kurva bibir
Disharmonious of dental arrangement can possibly create problems for the patient, such as the masticatory function, esthetical, psychosocial, and also the increased risk of trauma and periodontal disease. These are reasons for patient to seek orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to know the patient's knowledge about the side effects possibility that they receive during orthodontic treatment. The side effects include pain experience during orthodontic treatment, the possibility of soft tissue damage, email demineralization, loss of tooth vitality, periodontal problem, root resorption, temporomandibula joint disorders and relapse. A cross sectional study was conducted in patients who registered at Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia on March-June 2009. The participants of this study were 100 patients, consist of 86 women and 14 men respectively. Twenty seven questions about the side-effects of orthodontic treatment were used to obtain the patient's knowledge and the result was categorized into 3 groups, good, average and poor. The result of the study showed that patient's knowledge about the side effect of pain experience during orthodontic treatment was average and the patient's knowledge about the possibility of soft tissue damage due to orthodontic treatment was good. However, the patient's knowledge about the possibility of email demineralization, loss of tooth vitality, periodontal problem, root resorption, temporomandibula joint disorders and relapse due to orthodontic treatment was low.
Maloklusi kelas II seringkali menjadi alasan pasien dalam mencari perawatan ortodonti. Maloklusi ini juga dapat disebabkan oleh mandibula retrognati, maksila prognati, ataupun kombinasi keduanya. Perbedaan dalam ukuran gigi dan lengkung rahang dapat menyebabkan gigi berjejal karena kekurangan ruang. Perbedaan ini juga merupakan salah satu etiologi dari kaninus yang ektopik, atau gigi yang erupsi di luar lengkung rahang. Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) digunakan pada perawatan ortodonti sebagai alat penjangkar absolut dengan bahan titanium alloy atau stainless steel. Beberapa keunggulan TAD yaitu, kemudahan dalam pemasangan dan pelepasan, kenyamanan untuk pasien, dan terutama untuk memberikan penjangkaran absolut untuk pergerakan gigi dengan variasi yang beragam. Tujuan laporan kasus ini membahas penatalaksanaan perawatan ortodontik pada maloklusi skeletal kelas II dengan gigi kaninus ektopik dan gigi geligi yang berjejal berat, dengan menggunakan alat ortodontik cekat sistem MBT disertai TAD. Laporan kasus: Seorang pasien perempuan berusia 26 tahun, datang ke Klinik Spesialis Ortodonti Rumah Sakit Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia (RSKGM FKG UI), dengan keluhan gigi depan tidak teratur dan kesulitan untuk membersihkan gigi secara menyeluruh. Secara klinis diketahui bahwa pasien memiliki maloklusi kelas II dengan gigi kaninus yang ektopik disertai gigi yang berjejal berat. Perawatan ortodonti dilakukan menggunakan breket preadjusted sistem MBT slot.022 serta penjangkaran Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) Simpulan: Senyum pasien yang lebih estetik dengan inklinasi gigi anterior yang normal dan hubungan insisif, kaninus, dan molar yang terkoreksi dengan baik menjadi kelas I.Kata kunci: gigi berjejal; kaninus ektopik; maloklusi kelas II; temporary anchorage device (TAD)
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