A high sensitive simultaneous determination method of nine steroid hormones including Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P4), androstenedione (AN), progesterone (P4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and cortisol by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was established in a positive mode using recently developed picolinyl derivatization. Steroid hormones were derived with picolinic acid and 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, then purified by solid-phase extraction with InterSep SI cartridge. The LC-ESI-MS/MS method enhanced the specificity and sensitivity for E1, E2, T, DHT, DHEA, and cortisol. The method validation indicated that the limits of quantification for E1, E2, T, DHT, 17OH-P4, AN, P4, DHEA, and cortisol were 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 20, and 100 pg/tube, respectively with acceptable accuracy and precision within ± 15%. 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Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by symmetric proximal muscle weakness and skin rashes. Corticosteroids and methotrexate are mainly prescribed to treat dermatomyositis based on the consensus of experts. Intravenous immunoglobulin is used in severe cases to reduce the dose and duration of corticosteroid therapy, the number of flare-up periods, thereby reducing complications and sequelae. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin has advantages over intravenous immunoglobulin because it can be used at home and maintains stable blood gammaglobulin levels. We report a case of a 2-years old child with early-onset dermatomyositis treated with subcutaneous immunoglobulin. The child’s condition improved, and corticosteroids were discontinued after 18 months of treatment. We prove that subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy can shorten the duration of corticosteroid therapy in children with dermatomyositis.
In this study, a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) was used to create an all-solid-state ion-selective electrode used as a potentiometric ion sensor for determining nitrate ion (NO3−) concentrations in aquaculture water. The effects of the Co3O4 NPs on the characterization parameters of the solid-contact nitrate ion-selective electrodes (SC-NO3−-ISEs) were investigated. The morphology, physical properties and analytical performance of the proposed NO3−-ion selective membrane (ISM)/Co3O4 NPs/SPEs were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiometric measurements, and potentiometric water layer tests. Once all conditions were optimized, it was confirmed that the screen-printed electrochemical sensor had high potential stability, anti-interference performance, good reproducibility, and no water layer formation between the selective membrane and the working electrode. The developed NO3−-ISM/Co3O4 NPs/SPE showed a Nernstian slope of −56.78 mV/decade for NO3− detection with a wide range of 10−7–10−2 M and a quick response time of 5.7 s. The sensors were successfully used to measure NO3− concentrations in aquaculture water. Therefore, the electrodes have potential for use in aquaponic nutrient solution applications with precise detection of NO3− in a complicated matrix and can easily be used to monitor other ions in aquaculture water.
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