Purpose: To evaluate incidence of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) in the AKI Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and predictive value of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) measured at the admission in mortality of SA-AKI and non SA-AKI. Patients and Methods: A study of 101 consecutive adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) diagnosed as AKI in which there were 60 patients with SA-AKI. Acute kidney injury was defined based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Serum NGAL was measured using the BioVendor Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA with blood sample taken at admission. Results: Incidence of septic acute kidney injury was 59.4%, incidence of death patients reached 20.0%. Mean concentration of serum NGAL in death group was 633.56 ng/ml, higher significantly than that of survival patients (328.84 ng/ml), p<0.005. Serum NGAL in non SA-AKI patients showed a better prognostic value to predict hospital mortality than that in SA-AKI patients (AUC: 0.894 and 0,807 respectively; p < 0.005) Conclusion: In SA-AKI patients, serum NGAL and mortality rate increased along with the stage of AKI. Serum NGAL, measuring at admission time, was a good prognostic biomarker of mortality in both SA-AKI and non SA-AKI patients.
We apply the techniques of totally twisted Khovanov homology to Asaeda, Przytycki, and Sikora's construction of Khovanov type homologies for links and tangles in I-bundles over (orientable) surfaces. As a result we describe a chain complex built out of resolutions with only noncontractible circles whose homology is an invariant of the tangle. We use these to understand the δ-graded homology for links with alternating diagrams in the surface.
We describe a bordered version of totally twisted Khovanov homology. We first twist Roberts's type D structure by adding a "vertical" type D structure which generalizes the vertical map in twisted tangle homology. One of the distinct advantages of our type D structure is that it is homotopy equivalent to a type D structure supported on "spanning tree" generators. We also describe how to twist Roberts's type A structure for a left tangle in such a way that pairing our type A and type D structures will result in the totally twisted Khovanov homology.
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