Agriculture waste has attracted attention as a potential source to produce raw material silicon dioxide, either crystalline (pyrophyllite) or amorphous form (geothermal sludge). It is an unwanted waste produced as a desired result of agricultural activities. Nanosilicon dioxide has undoubtedly gained eager interest in many vital industries. It is renowned for positively enhancing outstanding performance due to tuneable properties over its bulk counterpart. Silicon dioxide scientifically demonstrates a unique ability to convert efficiently into economic value from silicon-rich agriculture waste. Thus, a noble extraction from silicon-rich waste is undoubtedly gaining enormous attention. However, adequate knowledge on local optimisation of nanosilicon dioxide extraction from silicon-rich agriculture waste is lacking. Specific aims of this comprehensive review mainly highlighted a synthesis method of potential nanostructured silicon dioxide from agriculture waste and their potential applications for plant growth promoters. Reverse microemulsion, chemical vapour condensation, solid gelation, and mechanochemical are preferred methods that were typically specified to focus this comprehensive review critically. Optimisation of nanosilicon dioxide can be achieved precisely via the ideal combination of solid gelation and a high-energy ball mill process. Silicon dioxide is undoubtedly an effective agent as a plant growth promoter to overcome biotic and abiotic factors such as heavy metal uptake and translocation, inhibit pathogenic fungi, improve the antioxidant system, and mitigate various stress factors.
This study was undertaken to investigate the integration effects of pretilachlor, oxadiazon, and dimethenamid with or without glyphosate in stale seedbed method to control weedy rice in wet seeded rice. The study, conducted in 2018 and 2019, comprised two seedbed treatments in main plots: with and without glyphosate (850 g ae ha−1), and four sub plot treatments: pretilachlor, oxadiazon, dimethenamid, and unsprayed check. Fifteen days after glyphosate spray, each sub plot was treated with preemergence herbicides at 500 g ai ha−1, respectively under standing water condition (2 to 3 inches) and the water level was maintained for 7 days. Pre-germinated rice seeds (var. MR297) were hand broadcasted in the moist soil at 120 kg ha−1 of seeding rate. In 2019, the density and dry weight of weedy rice were 30 and 118% higher than those observed in 2018. Stale seedbed with glyphosate reduced weedy rice dry weight 12% as compared to those observed in stale seedbed without glyphosate. Addition of oxadiazon and pretilachlor in stale seedbed drastically reduced weedy rice dry weight by 70 to 88% and 53 to 60%, in both years. Dimethenamid contributed significant reduction of weedy rice dry weight by 19% in 2019 only but failed to provide a positive economic return. Integration of pretilachlor and oxadiazon in stale seedbed with glyphosate gave profitable returns $84 to 311.4 ha−1 and $175.7 to 483.8 ha−1, respectively. Without the presence of glyphosate, pretilachlor or oxadiazon contributed a positive return $318.9 or $469.4, respectively, in 2018, but the economic returns were negative in 2019. These results suggest that integration of pretilachlor or oxadiazon in stale seedbed with glyphosate is more crucial when the weedy rice infestation is high, but glyphosate can be excluded from the management regime when the weedy rice populations are low.
No abstract
Field experiments were conducted in the rice fields of the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute in 2018 and 2019, to determine the efficacy of two commercial premix herbicides consisting of imazapic and imazapyr at 70:30 (formulation 1) and 30:70 (formulation 2) applied singly or in sequence for control of weedy rice and other rice weeds. Formulation 1 was applied as PRE at the 0 to 1-leaf stage of weedy rice while formulation 2 was applied as POST at the 3 to 4-leaf stage of weedy rice. Formulation 1 applied PRE at 150 g ai ha-1 with or without sequential application of formulation 2 applied POST at 75 or 150 g ai ha-1 provided complete inhibition of weedy rice. The same rate of formulation 1 applied PRE highly reduced weed density and dry weight of Monochoria vaginalis (99%) and Fimbristylis quinquangularis (93%) as compared to weedy check plots. Formulation 2 applied POST at 150 g ai ha-1 providing lower weed density and dry weight reduction of weedy rice (59 to 65%), M. vaginalis (80 to 81%), and F. quinquangularis (56 to 64%) as compared to those observed in formulation 1 applied PRE at 150 g ai ha-1. These results suggest that although formulations 1 and 2 share the same active ingredients, excellent control of weedy rice and rice weeds could only be achieved with PRE application of formulation 1 at 150 g ai ha-1.
The naturally occurring and synthesised nanoparticles (NPs) display significant effects on the physiology of plants. This paper emphasised the current application of synthetic NPs in agriculture, several advantages and physiological responses during the growth of plants. Nano pore size of particles provides higher surface areas hence enhances the water holding capacity of the soil, efficacy delivery of fertilisers and pesticides (pest and diseases infestation) on crops. The application of NPs via soil or mist involves uptake by plant via roots or foliar cell wall and translocation to other organs through vascular system and plasmodesmata within the cells. The physicochemical properties of NPs have advantages including enabling the increase of soil water retention in mitigating the drought and/or salinity stresses in plants. Nanoparticles enhance the germination of seed and maintain plant growth by promoting the production of enzymes in scavenging oxygen radicals, phytohormone balancing, nutrient metabolisms and expression of amino acid biosynthetic genes and photosystem. Given the diverse physiological and molecular effects of NPs, precautionary steps prior to their application either as fertiliser or carrier should be considered to avoid toxicity and destructive effects on plants, animals, water body and the environment.
Aims: This study aimed to screen the plant growth-promoting fluorescent bacteria (FLB) which isolated from the healthy rice rhizophere and to evaluate its biocontrol and growth promotion properties against Pyricularia oryzae on aerobic rice seedling of MARDI Aerob 1. Methodology and results: King's B agar with glycerol was used as the selective medium to isolate FLB from the healthy rice rhizosphere soil. All FLB obtained were in vitro screened for antagonistic activities against P. oryzae using dual culture, volatile substances and hydrogen cyanide productions. The potential FLB isolates were further evaluated on rice seedling early growth promotion before identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 24 FLB were isolated from the healthy rice rhizosphere soil in Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia. Isolates: FLB4, FLB5, FLB7 and FLB10 scored the total of percentage inhibition radial growth (PIRG) values ranged 99.5-105.0%. Further seedling growth promotion screening revealed that FLB4, FLB7 and FLB10 were significantly improved seedling growth with vigor index of 378.32%, 461.53% and 335.60% over control (133.31%). 16S rRNA sequencing identified that FLB7 as Bacillus subtilis and the FLB4 and FLB10 as Pseudomonas putida. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The selected FLB isolates (FLB4, FLB7 and FLB10) are potential to be developed as biological control agents against P. oryzae with growth promoting property on aerobic rice seedling.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.