This study, it was investigated whether silymarin has a protective effect by performing histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evaluations on the liver damage induced by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). CLP model was established and silymarin was treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, by oral one hour before the CLP. As an effect of the histological evaluations of the liver tissues, venous congestion, inflammation, and necrosis in the hepatocytes were observed in the CLP group. A situation close to the control group was observed in the Silymarin (SM)100 and SM200 groups. As a result of the immunohistochemical evaluations, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokeratine (CK)18, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukine (IL)-6 immunoreactivities were intense in the CLP group. In the biochemical analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased in the CLP group, while a significant decrease was observed in the treatment groups. TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were in parallel with histopathological evaluations. In the biochemical analysis, Malondialdehyte (MDA) level increased significantly in the CLP group, but there was a significant decrease in the SM100 and SM200 groups. Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were relatively low in the CLP group. According to these data, it was concluded that using silymarin reduces the existing liver damage in sepsis.

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Cisplatin is one of the most general chemotherapeutic agents used to treat various cancers, including colorectal and breast cancer. because cisplatin has some adverse effects including cardiotoxicity and hepatoxicity, it is usage limited. Melatonin is a natural product that responsible for regulator of circadian rhythms and has anti-cancer potential. However, its synergistic effects with melatonin and cisplatin, its efficacy in cancer cell death, its mechanisms and biological targets are not well understood. In this study, it was aimed to determine the synergistic activity of cisplatin with melatonin in colon cancer cell death through apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms. In the present study, we found that melatonin with cisplatin treatment did not affect the cytotoxicity, but cisplatin increased in 24 h incubation period. Melatonin and combined treatment of melatonin and cisplatin also increased the cytotoxicity in 48h incubation period. It was observed that cisplatin treatments used together with melatonin and melatonin inhibited the mitogen activity of colon cancer cells. In addition, combined treatment of cisplatin and melatonin and single treatment of cisplatin increased both apoptosis and autophagic cell death. The results revealed that the use of melatonin with combined cisplatin has been shown to increase the apoptosis and autophagic cell deaths via P53 gene activation.

Background Titanium is the most widely used metal for bone integration, especially for cancer patients receiving ionizing radiation. This study aimed to investigate the amifostine administration that would reduce the effects of radiation on bone healing and osseointegration in rat models. Objectives It is aimed that the application of amifostine in rats receiving radiotherapy treatment will reduce the negative effects of ionizing radiation on the bone. Methods Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into one healthy and four experimental groups. In three consecutive days, two experimental groups of rats (AMF-RT-IMP and RT-IMP) were exposed to radiation (15 Gy/3 fractions of 5 Gy each). Then the titanium implants were inserted into the left tibia. Before the radiotherapy process, a 200 mg/kg dose of amifostine (AMF) was administered to the rats in the AMF-IMP and AMF-RT-IMP groups. Twenty-eight days after the screw implant, all rats were sacrificed, and their blood samples and tibia bones were collected for analysis. Results The results indicated an accelerated bone formation and a more rapid healing process in the screw implants in the AMF-IMP, AMF-RT-IMP, and AMF-RT groups than in the RT-IMP group. Also, bone-implant contact area measurement and inflammation decreased with amifostine treatment in the implants subjected to irradiation ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The results obtained in the present study suggested that amifostine prevents the losses of bone minerals, bone integrity, and implant position from ionizing-radiation when given before exposure.