Protective Effect of Silymarin on Liver in Experimental in the Sepsis Model of Rats

Abstract

This study, it was investigated whether silymarin has a protective effect by performing histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evaluations on the liver damage induced by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). CLP model was established and silymarin was treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, by oral one hour before the CLP. As an effect of the histological evaluations of the liver tissues, venous congestion, inflammation, and necrosis in the hepatocytes were observed in the CLP group. A situation close to the control group was observed in the Silymarin (SM)100 and SM200 groups. As a result of the immunohistochemical evaluations, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokeratine (CK)18, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukine (IL)-6 immunoreactivities were intense in the CLP group. In the biochemical analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased in the CLP group, while a significant decrease was observed in the treatment groups. TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were in parallel with histopathological evaluations. In the biochemical analysis, Malondialdehyte (MDA) level increased significantly in the CLP group, but there was a significant decrease in the SM100 and SM200 groups. Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were relatively low in the CLP group. According to these data, it was concluded that using silymarin reduces the existing liver damage in sepsis.

Are silymarin and N‐acetylcysteine able to prevent liver damage mediated by multiple factors? Findings against ethanol plus LPS‐induced liver injury in mice

“…and reduce MDA levels. [59,60] Similarly, it was observed that the application of SIL (200 mg/kg, po) in a diclofenac-induced lesion model increased the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT and reduced TNF. [61,62] In agreement, the use of NAC in other injury models is also promising, as shown by the results of treating rats exposed to radiation and treated with NAC (150 mg/kg, i.p.…”

“…In contrast to our study, where ethanol and LPS were used as a two‐hit injury model, the results found using thioacetamide‐induced liver cirrhosis showed that SIL administration (200 mg/kg, po) was able to restore antioxidant parameters such as GSH, SOD, and CAT and reduce MDA levels. [ 59,60 ] Similarly, it was observed that the application of SIL (200 mg/kg, po) in a diclofenac‐induced lesion model increased the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT and reduced TNF. [ 61,62 ] In agreement, the use of NAC in other injury models is also promising, as shown by the results of treating rats exposed to radiation and treated with NAC (150 mg/kg, i.p.…”

“…[67] Our results show that the vehicle control group exposed to ethanol and LPS had increased levels of IL-6 compared with naive animals, as did the data found in animals treated with SIL. When evaluating the data of Aydemir Celep et al, [60] who investigated the protective effect of SIL (200 mg/kg) in septic animals, it can be concluded that the levels of IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 remained elevated in septic animals receiving SIL compared with naive animals.…”

“…Likewise, it may have occurred in animals treated with SIL, given that in previous studies. [ 60 ] In contrast, the treatment with NAC reduced the IL‐10 hepatic levels. Experimental studies have revealed that the primary inducers of IL‐10 synthesis are proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β.…”

“…Our results show that the vehicle control group exposed to ethanol and LPS had increased levels of IL‐6 compared with naive animals, as did the data found in animals treated with SIL. When evaluating the data of Aydemir Celep et al, [ 60 ] who investigated the protective effect of SIL (200 mg/kg) in septic animals, it can be concluded that the levels of IL‐1β, TNF, and IL‐6 remained elevated in septic animals receiving SIL compared with naive animals. However, in a rat alcoholic fatty liver model and a high‐fat diet, treatment with SIL (200 mg/kg) reduced IL‐6 liver levels, [ 47 ] but it is in a treatment period approximately six times greater than that employed in this study.…”