sectioned into approximately 1x2mm strips and allowed to equilibrate in DMEM/F12 with 2% fetal bovine serum for 24 hours. Cilia-bearing explant tissues were treated with either DMEM/F12 media, 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE), or 10% CSE for 24 hours. Cilia were then stimulated using isoproterenol (10-4 M), and CBF was recorded hourly using the SissonAmmons Video Analysis (SAVA) program for four hours. RESULTS: Explants incubated with 10% cigarette smoking extract (CSE) demonstrate significant impairment of isoproterenol-induced CBF at one and two hours (pϭ0.006 and 0.008 respectively). 5% CSE-impaired isoproterenol-induced CBF stimulation at two hours after stimulation (pϭ0.003). No significant difference in CBF was noted three hours after stimulation for either CSE group. CONCLUSION: CBF of adenoid explants increases when stimulated with isoproterenol. In-vitro smoke exposure blunted isoproterenol-mediated stimulation of CBF in adenoid explants. Increasing concentrations of CSE were associated with increased inhibition. Adenoid ciliary dysfunction related to cigarette smoke exposure may play a role in the pathophysiology of upper respiratory diseases in children. Communication Mode Disparity in Pediatric Cochlear ImplantsMeredith Edgerton, AuD, CCC-A (presenter); Abby Connell, MEd; Nevitte Morris, MA; Ted Meyer, MD, PhD; David White, MD OBJECTIVE: To determine whether racial or insurance-based disparities exist in the development of oral communication after cochlear implantation (CI) in children. METHOD: A retrospective review and analysis was performed of 106 children undergoing CI in a university hospital system from 2000-2010. Data including race, age of implantation, communication mode, and insurance type were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Age of implantation, race, and insurance status were evaluated in all 106 patients. Communication data was available for 102 patients. No significant difference was seen in age of implantation (pϭ0.97, t-test) or oral vs other forms of communications (pϭ0.21, 2 analysis) between white and non-white racial groups. While there was no significant difference in age of implantation (pϭ0.80, t-test), children with Medicaid were less likely to develop oral communication than those with other forms of insurance coverage (pϭ0.0004, 2 analysis). CONCLUSION: Children with Medicaid were significantly more likely to become non-oral communicators after CI. This difference could not be attributed to race or age at implantation. Complications in Pediatric Deep Neck InfectionsRoss Budacki, BS (presenter); Cristina Baldassari, MD; Sukgi Choi, MD; Maria Pena, MD; Rebecca Howell, MD OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of complications in pediatric deep neck abscesses. To assess demographic characteristics of children with these complications. METHOD: Retrospective review of 295 patients admitted to a tertiary children's hospital for deep neck abscesses between 1998 and 2008. Inclusion criteria were age less than 18 years and computerized tomography scan demonstrating abscess or phlegmon...
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