The prevalence of NSSI and HSA behaviors among substance using youth in our sample were 52% and 21% respectively. Cannabis and cocaine use was found to be a significant risk factor for HSA, and polysubstance use was associated with both NSSI and HSA. Parental separation/divorce, parental mental disorders, alcohol and drug use, and crime were the risk factors for HSA. A positive history of physical and sexual abuse increased the risk of HAS, and a history of neglect increased the risk of NSSI. Conclusions/importance: We suggest that results showing relationship between substance use and associated social features with NSSI and HSA may contribute to elaborating effective and targeted preventive and intervention programs for these high-risk youth groups in Turkey.

Trends and gender differences in substance use among children and adolescents admitted to an addiction treatment center in Turkey: years 2011-2013 Objective: In this study we aimed to examine the trends and gender differences in substance use behaviors and treatment seeking patterns of children and adolescents who were admitted to an addiction treatment center in Turkey. Method: Participants were 2718 children and adolescents who had been consecutively admitted to the 'Children and Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Dependency Treatment Center' in Istanbul between January 2011 and December 2013. A detailed drug use questionnaire was completed by all participants, and substance use characteristics were analyzed in terms of gender and substance types. The data regarding age of first use, age at referral, referral pattern, and type of the substances used were compared between three years (2011, 2012, and 2013) and between genders. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the number of females (p<0.001) and in the total number of children and adolescents (p<0.001) seeking treatment for substance use through these years. The mean age of first use was 13.8 years (SD: 2.1) and the mean age at referral for treatment was 16.1 years (SD: 1.5) in the whole group. The mean age at referral for treatment was significantly lower in the female group (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of subjects admitted to the addiction treatment center alone or with their family (p<0.001) and in the number of subjects brought in by social services (p<0.001), while there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of non-voluntary referrals from forensic services through the years (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the rate of ecstasy, heroin, synthetic cannabinoid use and polysubstance use and a statistically significant decrease in the age of first use (p<0.0001) and inhalant/solvent use through the years. Use of solvents/ inhalants was more common among men (p<0.001), whereas ecstasy and cocaine use was more common among women (for each, p<0.001). Polysubstance use was present in 60.2% of the subjects, and there was a statistically significant increase in the mean number of substance types used in the last two years (p<0.001). Conclusion: As different and new illicit drugs rise and fall in popularity, it is important to reexamine the patterns of substance use and to reorganize the prevention policies and treatment strategies. Considering the decrease in the age of first use and the increase in the number of youth using multiple drugs and/or hard drugs, new and more effective preventive strategies should be developed targeting children and adolescents in Turkey.

Some recent research indicates that eating behavior is related to emotions rather than physical hunger. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotionally triggered eating behavior and mood disorder symptoms and personality characteristics. The sample of the research consisted of 300 university students between 17-25 years old. The measurements are a socio-demographic, Emotional Appetite Questionnaire, Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and The Big Five Inventory. Data were analyzed performing T-Tests, correlation and regression analysis. Results indicated that there is a significant relationship between mood disorder symptoms, some of the emotional eating appetite sub-dimensions and some variables of Big Five personality traits of agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extroversion personality. There was no relationship between mood disorders and emotional eating behaviors. Extroversion, openness, and conscientiousness were significant predictors of positive mood appetite, anxiety-based mood appetite, and dysphonic mood appetite.

ÖzetÇocuk ve ergenlerde bipolar bozukluk tanısı giderek artış göstermektedir. Çocuk ve ergen popülas-yonunda intihar girişiminde bulunanların önemli bir oranının bipolar bozukluğu olanlarda ortaya çıkıyor olması, bu hastalığın tanı ve tedavisini daha da önemli kılmaktadır. Özellikle ergenlik dönemi öncesi örneklemlerde açık tanı ölçütlerinin olmaması ve değerlendirmelerin belirtilere dayanılarak yapılmasından dolayı yanlış biçimde bipolar bozukluk tanısı konduğu ve yaygınlık oranlarının olduğundan fazla saptandığına dair endişeler vardır. Bunlardan ötürü, çocuk ve ergen bipolar bozukluğunun yaygınlığı konusundaki veriler hem farklılık göstermekte hem de tartışılmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, bipolar bozukluğun yaygınlığı toplum, poliklinik ve yatan hasta örneklemin-de literatür gözden geçirilmiştir. AbstractChildhood and adolescent bipolar disorder diagnosis has been increasing recently. Since studies evaluating attempted suicide rates in children and adolescents have shown bipolarity to be a significant risk factor, diagnosis and treatment of bipolarity has become a very important issue. Since there is a lack of specific diagnostic criteria for especially preadolescent samples and evaluations are made mostly symptomatically, suspicions about false true diagnosis and increased prevalence rates have emerged. This situation leads to controversial data about the prevalence rates of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. The aim of this article is to review the prevalence of childhood and adolescent bipolar disorder in community, inpatient and outpatient based samples in literature.

Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencisi kızlarda yeme tutumları ile duygudurum bozuklukları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın örneklemi, İstanbul ilindeki sekiz farklı üniversitede eğitim gö-ren ve rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 189 kız öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak Yeme Tutumu Testi (YTT) ve Duygudurum Bozuklukları Ölçeği (DBÖ) ve araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan sosyodemografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, vücut kitle indeksinin duygudurum bozukluğu için risk faktörü olduğu, ayrıca anne-baba ile beraber yaşama durumunun, anne ile olan ilişkinin, gün içerisinde herhangi bir öğünü aile ile aynı sofrada yeme tutumu sergilemenin, fast-food veya abur cubur yeme sıklığının ve diyet yapma eğiliminin yeme tutum ve davranışlarını istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak etkilediği ve yeme bozukluğu gelişmesi açısından bir risk faktörü olabileceği saptanmıştır. Ek olarak, yeme tutumundaki bozulmaların duygudurumda bozulmaya neden olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda yeme tutum ve davranışlarının duygudurum üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Kişilerin aile sofrasına oturma alışkanlıklarının, anne-baba birlikteliğinin, abur cubur yeme ve sık diyet yapma eğilimlerinin duygudurum bozukluğu belirtilerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla bu faktör-lerle ilgili özelliklerin duygudurum bozukluğu açısından risk faktörü oluşturabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; söz konusu faktörlere yönelik çocukluktan itibaren alınacak tedbirler gerek yeme bozukluğunun gerekse duygudurum bozuklarının ortaya çıkışını önlemeye yardım-cı olabilir. Bu konuda daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılmasının uygun olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: yeme tutumları; duygudurum bozuklukları; üniversite öğrencileri Abstract Aim: This study aims to examine the relationship between eating attitudes and mood disorders of female university students. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-nine female university students randomly selected from eight universities in the province Istanbul participated the study. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), and the sociodemographic questionnaire that was prepared by the researcher were used as the data collection tools. Results: The body mass index affects the changes in the mood significantly and establishes risk factors on the mood changes. According to the results of this study, parental status, relationship with the mother, dining together with the family, the frequency of eating junk food, and diet tendencies statistically significantly affect the eating attitudes and habits and establish a risk factor for developing eating disorders. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between eating attitudes and mood disorder symptoms. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of the study, disordered eati...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between dysfunctional eating attitudes and anorexic or bulimic symptoms with regard to the marital status of parents and also to investigate the difference in eating attitudes scores by means of body and weight satisfaction in adolescents. 60 adolescent girls attending high school participated in the study. Half of the involved participants consisted of families whose parents lived together, and the other half had divorced parents. The questionnaire data collection method was used in this study. A moderately severe significantly positive relationship was found between eating attitudes and both anorexic and bulimic symptoms scales in participants whose parents lived separately or got divorced. The group of participants whose parents were divorced and who presented higher scores in anorexic symptoms also scored statistically significantly higher on the parameter of eating attitudes median. The participants who were dissatisfied with their weight scored the highest eating attitudes scales median when compared to the participants who had body dissatisfaction. Selective prevention and treatment methods should be used during adolescence to prevent eating disorders. Special attention should be paid to body image disturbances, inappropriate weight control behaviors, and disturbed self-perceived weight during adolescence in order to prevent eating disorders.

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Today, 'general well-being' has become an important issue for young people to lead a healthy life. There are two important areas that affect general well-being: family and school environment. The child's first socialization area is the family and the second is the school. They can be considered separately as important topics to ensure integrity in the child's health. The aim of this study is to determine the variables that impair the 'general well-being' of children. This research is descriptive. 100 high school students between the ages of 16-18 participated in the study. Study area is Hakkari province, located in the Southeast Anatolian region of Türkiye. Child abuse, neglect, corporal punishment, and early marriage/sexual abuse are reasons for concern in Hakkâri which is known to have a high representative ability in this regard, was chosen. In the findings; Factors such as high bullying experiences, using tranquilizers and sleeping pills, using tabocco product, parent’s marital status have been identified as important reasons for adolescent well being. Significant findings were obtained as the variables had a significance value of 0.001(p<000.1) using Monte Carlos simulation at the 99% confidence interval of the Fisher Freeman Halton Exact Test.