From a clinical perspective, it could be concluded that both disorders involve a high risk for developing psychiatric disorders, with AS patients at greater risk for depression. From a nosological perspective, the substantial similarities in terms of psychiatric comorbidity may support the idea that both disorders are on the same spectrum and differs in some aspects.

Many children with autistic spectrum disorders have unusual reactions to certain sensory stimuli. These reactions vary along a hyper- to hypo-responsivity continuum. For example, some children overreact to weak sensory input, but others do not respond negatively to even strong stimuli. It is typically assumed that this deviant responsivity is linked to sensitivity, although the particular stage of sensory processing affected is not known. Psychophysical vibrotactile thresholds of six male children (age: 8-12) who were diagnosed to have autistic spectrum disorders and six normal male children (age: 7-11) were measured by using a two-alternative forced-choice task. The tactile stimuli were sinusoidal displacements and they were applied on the terminal phalanx of the left middle finger of each subject. By using a forward-masking paradigm, 40- and 250-Hz thresholds of the Pacinian tactile channel and 40-Hz threshold of the Non-Pacinian I tactile channel were determined. There was no significant difference between the thresholds of autistic and normal children, and the autistic children had the same detection and masking mechanisms as the normal children. The sensory responsivity of each subject was tested by clinical questionnaires, which showed again no difference between the two subject groups. Furthermore, no significant correlations could be found between the questionnaire data and the psychophysical thresholds. However, there was a high correlation between the data from the tactile and emotional subsets of the questionnaires. These results support the hypothesis that the hyper- and hypo-responsivity to touch, which is sometimes observed in autistic spectrum disorders, is not a perceptual sensory problem, but may probably be emotional in origin.

There were differences in the comorbidity pattern and clinical expression between genders and between prepubertal and adolescent-onset cases. Findings of this study supported the introduction of tic-related OCD as a specifier in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5), and the necessity of a detailed assessment of other psychiatric disorders in youth with OCD.

Researches ABSTRACTEvaluation of internet addiction in a group of high school students: a cross-sectional study Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate internet addiction and the effects of some variables like age, gender, parental age and education, number of siblings, existence of internet connection at home, existence of computer in the adolescent's room, time spent on internet, adolescent's cigarette use, depression inventory score on internet addiction inventory scores in a group of high school students. Method: The study group consisted of students of a high school in Ankara city center who volenteered to participate in the study. Data was collected by a socio-demographic information form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Internet Addiction Inventory (IAI). A probability level of p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Results: The study group consisted of 211 students of whom 54% (n=114) were female. Time spent on internet and depression scores were positively correlated with IAI scores and IAI scores of males were significantly higher than IAI scores of females. No significant correlation was found between the IAI scores and other variables. The following items were found to be statistically significant in differentiating the 'addicted group' from the 'non-addicted group, respectively: to be male, a high depression score and long time spent on internet. Conclusion: According to our study results, among high school students, the likelihood of internet addiction is higher in males. Level of depression and the time spent on internet were found to be possible risk factors that effect internet addiction. The results of our study will be helpful for future protective studies about internet addiction. Key words: Internet addiction, risk factors, adolescent ÖZETBir grup lise öğrencisinde internet bağımlılığı değerlendirmesi: Kesitsel bir çalışma Amaç: Bu çalışmada, liseye devam eden bir grup ergende internet bağımlılığı ile yaş, cinsiyet, anne-baba yaşı, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi, kardeş sayısı, evde internet erişiminin mevcudiyeti, ergenin internet başında geçir-diği süre, ergenin odasında bilgisayar bulunup bulunmaması, ergenin sigara kullanıp kullanmaması ve depresyon ölçek puanı gibi değişkenlerin internet bağımlılığı ölçek puanına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma örneklemi, Ankara il merkezinde bir liseye devam eden ve çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma verileri; sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği ve İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Tüm istatistiksel değerlendirmelerde, anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Örneklem, %54'ü (n=114) kız, 211 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçek puanı ile değiş-kenlerin ilişkisi incelendiğinde, internette kalma süresi ve depresyon skoru arttıkça bağımlılık ölçek puanının da arttığı, erkeklerin kızlara göre bağımlılık ölçek puanlarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu, diğer değişkenlerle bağımlılık ölçek puanı aras...

ObjectivesThe aims of this cross-sectional study were to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) in a clinical sample of adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to detect the moderating effects of co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) on the association between ADHD and IA.MethodsThe study group comprised 119 adolescent subjects who were consecutively referred to our outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of ADHD. The Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was completed by parents, and subjects were asked to complete the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS).ResultsThe IAS results indicated that 63.9% of the participants (n = 76) fell into the IA group. Degree of IA was correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not with inattention symptoms. As compared to the ADHD-only group (without comorbid ODD/CD), ADHD + ODD/CD subjects returned significantly higher scores on the IAS.ConclusionsAs adolescents with ADHD are at high risk of developing IA, early IA detection and intervention is of great importance for this group. In addition, adolescents with ADHD + ODD/CD may be more vulnerable to IA than those in the ADHD-only group and may need to be more carefully assessed for IA.