Depression risk is increased in patients with HG, therefore not only medical therapy of HG, but also psychiatric evaluation should be considered for these patients.

Transcervical intrauterine topical instillation of levobupivacaine or lidocaine causes pain relief during endometrial biopsy. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine anesthesia, to determine optimal concentration, volume and waiting time according to the type of local anesthetic agent, and to assess the applicability of the method to other intrauterine procedures.

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Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a significant problem following reperfusion treatment for ovarian torsion. It is generally caused by reactive oxygen species-induced damage. Antioxidant agents, such as curcumin, may protect ovaries from this adverse effect. The aim of the present randomized, controlled study was to evaluate the short-term protective effect of curcumin on a rat model of ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury. A total of 30 female Wistar albino rats, weighing 160-230 g, were divided into 2 groups depending upon the time of unilateral, left ovary ischemia/reperfusion (group 1, 2 h ischemia/2 h reperfusion and group 2, 4 h ischemia/4 h reperfusion). These groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups (sham, control and curcumin). The sham subgroups were not subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. Control and curcumin subgroups were performed under ischemia for 2 h plus 2 h reperfusion or 4 h ischemia plus 4 h reperfusion. Curcumin, 200 mg/kg, was intraperitoneally administered simultaneously with reperfusion to the curcumin subgroups. Serum nitric oxide (NO), NO synthase (NOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and histological scores were measured and compared between subgroups. For group 1, no significant differences were observed between NO, NOS, XO, TAS or TOS. The left ovary histological grade was significantly higher in the control and curcumin subgroups compared with the sham subgroup (P=0.036). For group 2, TOS was significantly higher in the control group compared with the sham and curcumin groups (P=0.023). However, TAS was also significantly higher in the control subgroup compared with the other 2 subgroups (P=0.005). Left ovary histological grade was significantly higher in the control and curcumin subgroups compared with the sham subgroup (P=0.038). No significant differences were observed between NO, NOS or XO between the group 2 subgroups. The results showed that curcumin exerted no major significant protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat ovary.

IntroductionSubcutaneous abdominal fat thickness (SCFT) is important for predisposition to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to evaluate maternal SCFT and metabolic changes (such as insulin resistance and high inflammatory markers) during pregnancy.Material and methodsA total of 92 pregnant women between 24–28 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. The SCFT was measured by ultrasonography and patients were divided into 2 groups according to thickness of maternal SCFT and body mass index (BMI). Groups were compared with each other for oral glucose loading test (OGL) results, and for haematological, biochemical and fetal biometric parameters.ResultsAfter analysis of frequency for SCFT, the most appropriate cut-off value for grouping patients was found to be 15 mm for SCFT. In 48 cases SCFT was over 15 mm. High C reactive protein (CRP) was found in 47.9% (23) of cases with SCFT over 15 mm. Serum haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was significantly correlated with SCFT thickness. The most important factors for determination of OGL level were found to be serum HbA1c level, BMI and SCFT. In obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), levels of inflammatory markers and SCFT thickness were higher. The CRP and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were significantly correlated with BMI and SCFT.ConclusionsHigh SCFT during pregnancy is associated with elevated inflammatory marker levels and HbA1c. Pregnant women with thicker SCFT may be susceptible to the development of metabolic complications of pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension, as well as risk of future metabolic and cardiovascular disease.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adrenal versus ovarian androgen (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/total testosterone [DHEAS/TT]) on clinical presentation and related metabolic disturbances in Turkish women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Two hundred eighty PCOS cases were taken into the study. For all cases, the DHEAS/TT ratio was calculated. The median value of this ratio was 4.40. Patients with an androgen ratio lower than 4.40 were included in Group 1 and cases with a ratio higher than 4.40 were Group 2. The two groups were compared in terms of hormonal, biochemical and clinical parameters. Body mass index and waist circumference were lower, the Ferriman-Gallwey score was higher and the cycle length was shorter in Group 2. High DHEAS level was associated with better lipid profiles and lower levels of inflammatory markers, meaning good metabolic control in these women, in spite of increased hirsutism rates. In patients with PCOS, both androgens are usually high in proportion to each other. Therefore, it would be more meaningful to use the DHEAS/TT ratio for an assessment of the metabolic and phenotypic effects of PCOS.

Comparison of standard mammography with digital mammography and digital infrared thermal imaging for breast cancer screening Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Screenfilm mammography (SFM) has been considered the gold standard for breast cancer screening and detection. Despite its recognized value in detecting and characterizing breast disease, mammography has important limitations and its false-negative rate ranges from 4% to 34%. Given these limitations, development of imaging modalities that would enhance, complement, or replace mammography has been a priority. Digital mammography (FFDM) and digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) are some of these alternative modalities. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2010; 11: 152-7) Key words: Mammography, digital mammography, digital infrared thermal imaging, breast cancer Received: 9 June, 2010 Accepted: 6 August, 2010 Meme kanseri taramas nda standart mamografi ile dijital mamografi ve dijital infrared termal görüntülemenin kar la t r lmasMeme kanseri kad nlarda görülen en yayg n malignitedir. Mamografi hem tarama hem de saptama bak m ndan alt n standartt r. meme kanserindeki bu de erine ra men mamografide önemli k s tlamalar mevcuttur ve yanl negatiflik oran %4-34 aras nda de i mektedir. Abstract ÖzetReview 152 IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death in women in the US (1). According to the American Cancer Society report on cancer facts, it accounts for about 30% of all cancers in women. Approximately one in every eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer by the age of 90, with an absolute lifetime risk of 14.4% (2). In Turkey, the ratio of breast cancer is 24.1%, ranking first of all the cancers in women (3). The incidence of breast cancer has increased, and the estimated number of breast cancer cases was 44,253 in 2007 (4, 5). There is a geographical heterogeneity regarding breast cancer incidence and survival rates in Turkey. The incidence in Western Turkey (50/100,000 in 2000) is more than twice that of the Eastern part (20/100,000) (5-7). Five year survival rates for breast cancer are 85% in Western and 60% in Eastern Turkey (7). Breast cancer survival depends upon its earliest possible detection because survival rate increases with earlier detection with a possibility of complete cure. Breast cancer has a ten year survival rate for Stage 0of 95%; Stage I, 88%; Stage II, 66%; Stage III, 36%; and stage IV, 7% (8). Larger tumor size at diagnosis is also associated with decreased survival (9). Screening might produce greater benefits for early detection if it were more sensitive and specific. A wide variety of new technologies, including alternative imaging modalities, and improvements in x-ray mammography, are being investigated with the aim of improving early-detection rates. Many imaging modalities can be used for breast screening, such as X-ray; ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); computed tomography (CT); ultrasound; positron emission tomography (PET) scan...

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