This is the first report of the occurrence of H. pylori in the esophageal mucosa from dyspeptic Venezuelan patients. These results demonstrate the high prevalence of H. pylori in the esophagus, and its presence was correlated with signs of inflammation.
H. pylori may coexist in similar proportions without dominance of one cag genotype, suggesting a heterogeneous distribution in the esophagus. The cagE and virB11 genes can be used as markers of cag-PAI in the esophagus. The single cag-PAI genotype in both mucosae confers an increased risk of developing histological damage.
These results demonstrate colonization with multiple H. pylori isolates in the oesophageal mucosa, like those found in the stomach of individual hosts. H. pylori was characterized by a dominant partial island, low interleukin 8 induction with lower histopathological damage and lower antibiotic resistance, suggesting that the microenvironmental changes in individual hosts select less virulent isolates in the oesophagus than in the stomach. New approaches to ensure effective eradication therapy in multi-resistant H. pylori strains must be developed.
SUMMARYNon-H. pylori helicobacters (NHPH) have been demonstrated as gastric spiral-shaped bacteria in specimens obtained from dogs; however, their roles in the pathogenesis of upper gastrointestinal disease have not yet been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NHPH DNA in the gastric mucosa of dogs and its association with histopathology. Helicobacter was detected through histopathological techniques, PCR, and FISH analysis from fundic biopsies of twenty dogs with or without signs of gastrointestinal disease. PCR and FISH were based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Nineteen dogs showed mild to marked gastritis in the fundus, and only one dog had a healthy gastric mucosa. NHPH DNA was detected in 18 dogs with gastritis and one with normal gastric mucosa. However, there was no significant correlation between the presence of NHPH DNA and the degree of gastritis. These results show a high prevalence of NHPH DNA in the gastric mucosa of dogs from Venezuela. Further studies are necessary to determine a possible association between a specific NHPH species and the degree of gastritis.
RESUMENArgopecten purpuratus es uno de los recursos marinos de mayor importancia comercial en Chile. Una de las etapas críticas en el cultivo de esta especie, es el traspaso de las post-larvas al medio natural, ya que durante este período se produce un significativo descenso en el número de post-larvas. Los factores que provocan estas bajas sobrevivencias pueden ser diversos, pero aún son desconocidos. En el presente estudio se evaluó la incidencia en la sobrevivencia y crecimiento de las variables origen de las larvas, distribución de los colectores en diferentes estaciones de Bahía Inglesa, III región (27° 03' 24" S, 70° 51' 30" O) y los cambios en la bacterioflora asociadas a las post-larvas. Los organismos utilizados en el estudio fueron obtenidas desde los "hatcheries" de Cultivos Marinos Internacionales (III región) y Cultivos Guayacán (IV región). Los resultados del estudio indican claramente que la ubicación y origen de las postlarvas en la bahía incide en la sobrevivencia de éstas. Sin embargo, el crecimiento no es afectado por las variables estudiadas (P < 0,05). Desde un punto de vista microbiológico se observa que Vibrio spp. llega a ser un componente predominante en la microflora de ambas poblaciones larvales alcanzando porcentajes de 53,36 %. El análisis de componentes principales revela que no hay diferencias entre los Vibrio spp. cultivables de ambos cultivos. No obstante, la microflora residente de las larvas de Guayacánes más estable a los incrementos de bacterias del medio circundante.
Palabras clave:Argopecten purpuratus, sobrevivencia y crecimiento post-larval, Vibrio spp.
ABSTRACTArgopecten purpuratus is one of the most commercially important marine resources in Chile. One of the most critical steps in the massive culture of this species is the transference of postlarvae from hatchery production to the sea where significant mortality regularly occurs. The factors behind this low survival rate are probably diverse, and are as yet unknown. In the present study, postlarval survival and growth was observed as a function of origin of postlarvae, distribution of postlarvae in the bay, and microbial loading of the postlarvae. Survival rates were measured for different sites in Bahia Inglesa, Chile (27° 03' 24" S, 70° 51' 30" W) as well as changes in the bacterioflora of the postlarvae. Postlarvae utilized in the study were obtained from Cultivos Marinos Internacionales (III Región) and Cultivos Guayacan (IV Región). Results of the study clearly indicated that survival in culture of the postlarvae was related to their location in the bay and the origin of the postlarvae. However, the growth of the post-larvae is not affected (P < 0.05). Microbiologically, it was observed that Vibrio spp. were the bacterial component most represented among strains isolated from the postlarvae (53.36 %) from both populations studied. Principal component analysis revealed no differences between cultivable vibrios from both cultures. However, microflora from the Guayacan group were less susceptible to increases in bact...
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