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RESUMO -Os objetivos com este estudo foram verificar a presença de interação genótipo-ambiente e comparar modelos para o ajuste do ganho pós-desmama padronizado para 345 dias de bovinos da raça Devon, via normas de reação obtidas por regressão aleatória. Genotype by environment interaction characterization and model comparison for post weaning gain adjustment of Devon cattle via reaction normsABSTRACT -The objectives of this study were to verify the presence of the genotype by environment interaction and to compare different models to fit Devon cattle post weaning gain standardized to 345 days, via reaction norms obtained by random regression. Data from 14,973 calves collected by the beef cattle improvement program from 1980 to 2005 were used. The INTERGEN program was used for data analysis. First, a standard animal model (AM) was fitted to serve as comparison basis and to provide estimates of the environmental gradient, based on contemporary group (CG) deviations and, next, the reaction norms hierarchical models with homogeneous (RNHM) and heterogeneous (RNHMH) residual variances were run. In these last two models, fixed effects of age of dam and age of calf at yearling and random contemporary group and genetic effects (level and slope of animal's reaction norms) were included. For the RNHM estimates of residual variance, reaction norm level and slope additive genetic variances and their genetic correlation were, respectively, 272.02 ± 8.51; 340.38 ± 17.11; 0.119 ± 0.006 and 0.83 ± 0.01, while for the RNHHM were 401.96 ± 11.91; 177.86 ± 16.60; 0.076 ± 0.006 and 0.72 ± 0.02, respectively. The heritability asa well as the genetic variance increased on the environmental gradient, characterizing that there is genotype by environment interaction. Based on the Deviance Information Criterion, Bayes Factors and Pseudo Bayes Factors, the NRHM provided superior fit to the data, being the most appropriate model to consider the genotype by environmental interaction of this population.

-The objectives of this study were to define breeding objectives and derive economic weights for production traits in family-based beef cattle systems, assess the sensitivity of these weights to changes in market and husbandry indicators and estimate the expected genetic changes in the selection criteria proposed. Based on data from the production systems, farms revenues and expenses, obtained from interviews and meetings with producers, a bioeconomic model was derived, relating biological traits of animals with the financial result of the production system based on calf-crop, selling male calves and culling cows for finishing. Traits considered in the model as breeding goals were weaning rate, weaning weight and cow weight. The economic weights, obtained by the partial derivative of the bioeconomic model with respect to the trait in question, assessed on the average value of the remaining traits, were R$ 73.21% for weaning rate, R$ 17.07/kg for weaning weight and R$ 4.75/kg for cow weight. An index for joint selection of these three criteria would allocate 89.5% of importance to weaning rate, 6.9% for weaning weight and 3.6% for cow weight. In this way, for every R$ 100.00 of genetic gain in this index, there would be an increase of 1.4% in weaning rate, but with reduction of 0.004 kg in weaning weight and 0.665 kg in cow weight due to negative genetic association between these traits. The proposed index and the relative importance identified for the economic traits can guide the selection decisions of smallholders, both in the choice of their animals and in the acquisition of bulls, cumulatively increasing the productivity of their herds.

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Avaliou-se a trajetória genética do crescimento de codornas de corte (pesos corporais nos dias 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 de idade) de dois grupos genéticos, por modelos de regressão aleatória, sob modelo animal, obtendo-se estimativas de parâmetros genéticos visando definir a idade que resultaria em maior resposta à seleção. Foram pesadas 2.432 e 2.478 codornas, respectivamente, dos grupos genéticos EV1 e EV2, obtidas em três gerações de seleção. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados utilizando-se a sub-rotina Dxmrr do DFReml. As estimativas de herdabilidade dos pesos corporais variaram, respectivamente, de 0,01 a 0,50, para o grupo genético EV1, e de 0,01 a 0,10, para o EV2, sendo as maiores estimativas obtidas para peso corporal no 42º dia de idade, em ambos os grupos genéticos. As correlações genéticas entre o peso a um dia e os demais pesos corporais, em ambos os grupos, foram negativas, e as correlações de ambiente permanente, de modo geral, foram maiores para EV2. Pode-se concluir que, para ambos os grupos, a seleção é mais eficiente se realizada no 42º dia de idade, porém respostas poderiam ser obtidas se as codornas fossem selecionadas em idades mais jovens para o grupo EV1.

RESUMOEstudou-se a exigência de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável para codornas européias em crescimento, em cinco períodos experimentais, de sete dias cada. Foram utilizadas 384 codornas de ambos os sexos, com sete dias de idade em delineamento experimental utilizado inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial de 2×4, dois níveis de energia (2900 e 3100kcal de EM/kg de ração) e quatro níveis de proteína (22, 24, 26 e 28% de PB), com seis repetições de oito animais cada. Foram estudadas as variáveis ganho de peso (g), peso acumulado (g), consumo de ração (g) e conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de peso). Observou-se efeito linear dos níveis de proteína no primeiro período e quadrático nos demais períodos sobre o ganho de peso das aves. Os níveis de proteína foram estimados em 28,0% (2900kcal de EM/kg), 25,7% (3100kcal de EM/kg), 27,9%, 24,8% (3100kcal de EM/kg) e 23,1% (2900kcal de EM/kg) para o segundo, terceiro, quarto e quinto período, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: codorna de corte, energia metabolizável, proteína bruta ABSTRACT Crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) levels during five experimental periods of seven days each of the growing phase for European quail were determined. A total of 384 quails of both sexes were used in a completely randomized design in a 2×4

RESUMOEstudou-se a exigência de proteína bruta e energia metabolizável para codornas européias EV1, durante três períodos experimentais, 7-21, 22-42 e 7-42 dias de idade, utilizando-se 576 aves, de ambos os sexos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, quatro níveis de proteína bruta (22, 24, 26 (CP) and 2900kcal of ME/kg of diet in the initial period (7-21 days of age) and 22% of CP and 2900kcal of ME/kg of diet in the whole period (7-42 days of age).

The essential fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, consumed during pregnancy can benefit maternal and offspring health. For instance, they could activate a network of genes related to the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Ppara) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), which play a role in fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of diets with different omega-3/omega-6 ratio consumed over three generations on blood biochemical parameters and hepatic expression of Ppara- and Srebf1-related genes. During three consecutive generations adult Wistar rats were evaluated in the postpartum period (21 days after parturition). Regardless of prenatal dietary omega-3/omega-6 ratio, an upregulation in liver tissue was observed for Rxra, Lxra and Srebf1 and a downregulation for Fasn in all the evaluated generations. The diet with higher omega-3/omega-6 ratio decreased triacylglycerol serum levels and resulted in a constant non-esterified fatty acid level. Our results indicated that the PUFAs effect on the modulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis is cumulative through generations.