The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield of calyxes of Hibiscus sabdariffa L, a medicinal plant, at four planting times in Lavras MG. The treatments were four planting times ( th 2002) and a harvest was proceeded when practically there were no developing calyxes, almost at the end of the plant cycle. The numbers of calyxes per plant, the fresh and dry biomasses of calyxes and quality were taken into account. It follows that planting time influenced yield per plant and the fresh and dry biomasses of calyxes, differing from each other by Tukey test at 5%. In October planting, there was a higher yield (2,522kg/ha) with a yield 5.24 as high relative to the planting of the month of January (481 kg/ha). The planting s in the month of November to December showed yields of 1,695 and 1,093 kg/ha of dry calyxes, respectively and in relation to the same months of January, yield was of 3.52 to 2.27 times more. Harvest must be done as soon as the calyxes are ripe in order to preserve quality.Index Terms: Organic farming, calyx, medicinal plant, yield, vinegar plant. RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar a produtividade de cálices de Hibiscus sabdariffa L., planta medicinal, em quatro épocas de plantio em Lavras M.G. Os tratamentos foram quatro épocas de plantio (18 de outubro; 15 de novembro; 18 de dezembro de 2001 e 15 de janeiro de 2002) e realizada uma colheita quando praticamente não existiam cálices em desenvolvimento, quase no final do ciclo da planta. Foram considerados os números de cálices por planta, as fitomassas frescas e secas dos cálices e a qualidade. Concluiu-se que a época de plantio influenciou o rendimento por planta e as fitomassas frescas e secas dos cálices, diferindo entre si pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. No plantio de outubro, houve maior rendimento (2.522 kg/ha), com produção de 5,24 vezes a mais em relação ao plantio do mês de janeiro (481 kg/ha). Os plantios nos meses de novembro e dezembro tiveram produções de 1.695 e 1.093 kg.ha -1 de cálices secos, respectivamente, e em relação ao mês de janeiro, a produção foi 3,52 e 2,27 vezes a mais. Deve-se realizar a colheita assim que os cálices estiverem maduros, a fim de preservar a qualidade.Termos para indexação: Agricultura orgânica, cálice, planta medicinal, produtividade, vinagreira.
RESUMOfotossíntese. ABSTRACT One alternative to reduce the effects of the production instability and of the insecurity of world budget over coffee growers is the cultivation of rubber tree intercropped with coffee. However, the productivity of both cultures is affected strongly by the climatic variations and for the crop system. The objective of this research was to perform evaluations of gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm ratio) and leaf anatomy of coffee trees in cropped in different systems with rubber tree and environment. Four intercropping systems were studied as described: full sun coffee (C), three coffee cultivation lines between double strip of rubber tree (SSCCCSS), one coffee cultivation line between rubber tree strips (SCS) and three coffee plants for one rubber tree in the same cultivation line (SCSCS). The coffee plants of the (SSCCCSS), (SCS) and (SCSCS) systems showed smaller values of net photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) and highest values of Fv/Fm ratio than that observed for the (C) system. The coffee plants cropped in the (
RESUMO - INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SHADING LEVELS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF COFFEE CULTIVARS (Coffea arabica L.)ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to examine the coffee cultivars Acaiá MG 474/19, Catuaí MG 99, Icatu Amarelo MG 3282 and Rubi MG 1192, in relation to parameters such as water potencial, transpiration, leaf surface temperature, stomatic conductance, photosynthesis, internal carbon concentration and PSII photochemical efficiency when submitted to shading levels of 30, 50 and 70% and full sunlight. The evaluations were made in cuttings from these cultivars. The experimental design used was fully randomized with three pots for each treatment. The leaf water potential did not change according to treatments.The photosynthesis, stomatic conductance, transpiration and PSII photochemical efficiency showed significative variations in function of shading levels. INDEX TERMS:Coffee tree, shading, photosynthesis, water relations. INTRODUÇÃOAs cultivares recomendadas para o plantio em escala comercial apresentam elevado potencial econômico, que não tem sido explorado adequadamente pela maior parte dos cafeicultores, e para o estabelecimento e plantio, a escolha adequada é um fator que, sem dúvida, pode afetar mais a produtividade.Apesar do grande número de espécies de café existentes, pouco se sabe sobre o potencial comercial que encerram e seu possível aproveitamento nos planos de melhoramento, sendo os países cafeicultores carentes de estudos comparativos (Fazuoli, 1986).1. Parte da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor. 2. Engenheiro Agrônomo, MS em Fisiologia Vegetal,
RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar o crescimento da plântula e o metabolismo de carboidratos associados ao aumento da tolerância à hipoxia exercido pela presença do cálcio no período de germinação e/ou alagamento de plântulas de milho com diferentes idades. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, em 2002. Cariopses de milho da variedade 'Saracura' (BRS-4154) foram germinadas em água ou solução de CaCl 2 . Após dois e quatro dias, as plântulas foram submetidas ao alagamento em tubos de PVC com tampão (com ou sem CaCl 2 ) por três dias, sendo então avaliadas a sobrevivência, massa seca e as características bioquímicas. O cálcio aumentou a sobrevivência ao alagamento de plântulas com quatro dias, entretanto, não influenciou naquelas com dois dias. O alagamento reduziu a massa seca das plântulas sem prejudicar sua recuperação pós-estresse, entretanto, o cálcio influenciou no acúmulo de massa seca pós-hipoxia somente em plântulas com quatro dias, mostrando uma recuperação mais rápida dos danos causados no período de alagamento, o que ocorre em plântulas de dois dias de germinação, independentemente desse elemento. Em plântulas mais jovens também houve maior mobilização das reservas de amido, assim como, maior translocação e utilização dessas reservas. O alagamento reduziu drasticamente a atividade da invertase ácida do vacúolo, independentemente da presença do cálcio, comprovando sua não participação nos processos comandados por essa enzima. A redução na atividade das invertases favorece menor concentração de hexoses, diminuindo a respiração anaeróbica e, conseqüentemente, a produção de substâncias tóxicas, aumentando a sobrevida das plântulas em condições de hipoxia.Palavras-chave: Invertase, α-amilase, cálcio, hipoxia.( ABSTRACT GROWTH OF MAIZE 'SARACURA' (BRS-4154) AND α-AMYLASE AND INVERTASES ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCREASE OF FLOODING TOLERANCE CAUSED BY EXOGENOUS CALCIUMThis research evaluated the plantlet growth and carbohydrate metabolism associated with the increase in hypoxia tolerance caused by calcium presence during germination and/or flooding of maize plantlets with different ages. The experiment was conducted at Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, in 2002. Maize caryopses (var.'Saracura') were germinated in water or CaCl 2 . After two and four days, the plantlets were submitted to flooding in PVC tubes with buffer (with or without CaCl 2 ) during three days, being evaluated the survival, dry weight and biochemical characteristics. Calcium increased plantlet survival to flooding at four days, although there was no influence on two-day samples. Flooding reduced the plantlet dry weight without affect on the recovery after stress, therefore calcium influenced dry weight accumulation after hypoxia only in plantlets at four days, showing a faster recovery from damages caused during the flooding period, which also occurs in plantlets treated at two days of germination, but independently of this element. Younger plantlets also showed higher mobilization of the starch reserves, as w...
-The objective of this work was to define the optimal conditions for invertase assay, seeking to determine the ideal parameters for the different isoenzymes of leaf and bark tissues in adult rubber trees. Assays of varying pH, sucrose concentration and temperature of the reaction medium were conducted for the two investigated isoenzymes. The results pointed out the existence of two different pH related isoforms for the two analyzed tissues, with an isoenzyme being more active at pH 5,5 and the other at neutral/alkaline pH. Leaf blade isoenzymes presented similar values for substrate concentration, whereas the bark isoenzyme presented maximum values below those previously reported. The assays at different temperatures presented similar values for leaf isoenzymes, though they have differed significantly among the obtained values.Keywords: invertase assay, isoenzyme, rubber trees. OTIMIZAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕESS DO ENSAIO DA INVERTASE EMSERINGUEIRA (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) 1 RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir as condições ótimas para a realização do ensaio enzimático da invertase, procurando-se determinar os parâmetros ideais para as diferentes isoenzimas de tecidos foliares
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