This study is concerned with the location of primary public schools. The public system should have the capacity to satisfy all the demand, although students may choose between public and private schools if they can afford the corresponding costs. A number of factors, such as questionable education quality, limited capacity, poor location and social preferences, secure a participation of about 30% to the private school system. The purpose of this study is both the evaluation of the existing public school network and a relocation proposal. The result of the former was the identification of areas with shortage and excess in school offer. The latter suggests school relocation using capacitated and uncapacitated models. ArcView, a software of the geographic information system (GIS) family, was employed, allowing the efficient handling of large problems and improving the presentation and evaluation of the findings. This methodology was applied to the primary public school network in the area of Vitoria, a state capital located in the southeast region of Brazil with about 300,000 inhabitants. Finally, the practical use of this study and its importance for planning purposes are discussed.
This study proposes improving the understanding of the main aspects involved in the design of warehouses by the construction of a framework that reveals the state-of-art. The initial research bibliography generated a framework, which was structured in three dimensions: inputs; design and implementation; and outputs. The validation of framework was accomplished through a systematic review of the literature, covering 68 articles published in the period 1999-2015. This study covered the main aspects highlighted in the academic literature that influence the design of warehouses. Additionally, an overview of the publications based on a theoretical/empirical and a quantitative/qualitative approach was pointed out. This paper aims to contribute to both industry and academic. On the one hand, the framework aggregates value for professionals by permitting the rapid identification of variables, which must be considered in warehouse design. On the other hand, by systematizing the warehouse design area, researchers are able to identify gaps that may generate future studies.
The area of Guaratiba, in Rio de Janeiro, presents extraordinary population growth rates that exceed all other districts of the city. Moreover, the public investments underway, in view of the 2106 Olympic Games, are making the region even more attractive. Therefore, it is appropriate to suggest proactive measures to avoid the predicted collapse of several public systems among them the education system. This paper considers the projected population for the years 2015 and 2020 and, using various computing resources, specially the ArcGIS Network Analyst tool for measuring traveled distances, proposes locating new facilities with the Capacitated p-Median Model and with the Maximum Covering Location Problem, considering an ideal maximal home-school distance of 1,500 meters, but also evaluating longer distances. Both problems have been solved with AIMMS. The consideration of both models provides a constructive insight that certainly improves the implemented solution and favors the local community.
This paper discusses practical experiences resulting from the use of Operations Research techniques for the location of elementary public schools in large urban settings. The experiences reported are based on two counties of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In these relatively poor areas walking is the most common means of traveling to school, and the ideal location is the one that minimizes the sum of the overall residence‐to‐school distances. The model used was the uncapacitated p‐median, but current capacities of existing schools have been introduced in the interpretation of the results. In both counties, the study first evaluated the existing spatial distribution of schools and then proceeded to propose their ideal location. Both analyses lead to short and long‐run managerial suggestions. A description of the practical status of the study is also included.
ABSTRACT. The purpose of this work is the development of a location model for specialized terminals used as transshipment points in the supply chain of soybeans. The theoretical basis of the study relies on the association of a transshipment model with a multi-commodity, multi-facility capacitated location model. The shipping ports might be seen as specialized terminals that add value to the exported products by transforming raw soy grains into soy oil and soy meal. The proposed model also considers service activities in each terminal and the capacity of the maritime ports. Using representative data from the year 2004, the model is illustrated by a small case study, which considers six points of production in inland Brazil, all served by railways, one maritime port on the north and five on the east coast, and three destination ports in Europe and Asia. The study includes a rough sensitivity analysis regarding volumes, capacities, prices, and transportation costs.
ResumoEste artigo relata uma proposta metodológica para localização de escolas públicas em áreas urbanas. A metodologia é subdividida em duas partes que se complementam: a avaliação da atual localização e uma proposta de relocalização. Além da revisão metodológica, o artigo faz uma síntese de cinco estudos feitos em cidades ou regiões brasileiras, quais sejam: Nova Iguaçu, Nilópolis, Niterói, Ilha do Governador e Fortaleza. O estudo destaca a evolução metodológica, desde o uso dos mapas até o emprego de softwares da família SIG (Sistemas de Informação Geográficos), como o ArcView e o GeoRedes. O estudo destaca ainda a importância gerencial de cada um dos cinco estudos.Palavras-chave: localização de escolas; modelo das p-medianas. AbstractThis paper reports a methodology for locating public elementary schools in urban settings. The proposed methodology is divided in two complementary parts: the evaluation of the current location and a relocation proposal. In addition to the methodological review the paper outlines five studies made in Brazilian cities or large areas, which are: Nova Iguaçu, Nilópolis, Niterói, Ilha do Governador and Fortaleza. The study emphasizes the methodological evolution from paper maps up to geocoded maps using softwares of the GIS family (Geographic Information System) such as ArcView and GeoRedes. The study also evaluates the managerial importance of each one of the five studies.
O processo de desenvolvimento de contêineres e o desenvolvimento de redes de transporte intermodal têm provocado crescente competição no setor portuário e vêm, no mundo inteiro, interferindo nas zonas de influência dos portos (hinterlands). Essas hinterlands estão deixando de ser cativas de um determinado porto para serem de múltipla influência de dois ou mais portos. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo cujo objetivo é caracterizar a dinâmica portuária à luz da desenvolvimento de contêineres, mapear a discussão acerca do conceito de hinterlands e apresentar metodologias para sua delimitação. Essa contextualização conceitual e metodológica encontra-se ilustrada com sua aplicação ao caso do terminal de contêineres do porto de Rio Grande com apoio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Como resultado, os autores concluem que a delimitação de hinterlands é essencial para auxiliar o planejamento do desenvolvimento portuário por parte de Autoridades Portuárias e Terminais Privativos num cenário de crescente competição.
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