The objectives of this project were to systematically review the impact of mother–infant interaction on the development of infants 12 months or younger and determine factors that mediate this relationship and early development. We systematically reviewed the literature and identified 21 papers which fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of the studies found significant association between mother–infant interaction and language, cognition, motor, and social development during the first year of life. Only seven studies assessed motor development and four studies found significant relationship between motor development and mother–infant interaction. Prematurity, infant age, multiples births, maternal anxiety, maternal opioid exposure, history of foster care, and criminal record were the only factors found to mediate the relationship between mother–infant interaction and social, cognitive, and language development. The quality of the interactions between a mother and infant can both positively and negatively influence cognitive, language, and social outcomes during the first year of life. Additional research is needed to determine the influence of mother–infant interaction on motor development. Future research is needed on the efficacy of interventions designed to alter mother–infant interaction with the ultimate goal of achieving positive developmental outcomes during the first year of life.
Children with DS show difficulties in early postural control and activities requiring speed, postural control, and balance. The finding that early performance relates to later outcome reinforces the relevance of early and task-specific intervention.
BackgroundGiven that environmental factors, such as the school environment, can
influence child development, more attention should be paid to the
development of children attending day care centers. ObjectiveTodetermine whether there are differences in the gross motor, fine motor, or
cognitive performances of children between 1 and3 years-old of similar
socioeconomic status attending public and private day care centers full
time. MethodParticipants were divided into 2 groups, 1 of children attending public day
care centers (69 children) and another of children attending private day
care centers (47 children). All children were healthy and regularly attended
day care full time for over 4 months. To assess cognitive, gross and fine
motor performance, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III
was used. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparative analyses between
groups of children between 13 and 24 months, 25 and 41 months, and 13 and 41
months. ResultsChildren in public day care centers exhibited lower scores on the cognitive
development scale beginning at 13 months old. The fine and gross motor
performance scores were lower in children over the age of 25 months
attending public centers. Maternal education was not related to the
performance of children in either group. ConclusionThe scores of cognitive performance as well as fine and gross motor
performance of children of similar socioeconomic status who attend public
day care centers are lower than children attending private daycare
centers.
Changes in the gross motor skills measured by the GMFM may be accompanied by changes in the movement speed measured by TUG and TUDS. These tests may complement information provided by GMFM.
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