Motor Performance of Children With Down Syndrome and Typical Development at 2 to 4 and 26 Months

Cardoso, Aline Christine das Neves; Campos, Ana Carolina de; Santos, Mariana Martins dos; Santos, Denise Castilho Cabrera; Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira

doi:10.1097/pep.0000000000000120

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Studies in infants with DS have reported delays in the achievement of developmental milestones during the first year of life which has led to the implementation of early intervention programs consisting of a variety of exercises and activities (Hartley, 1986; Wisniewski, 1990; Wishart, 1991; Vicari et al, 2013; Cardoso et al, 2015). Previous studies and our present findings have shown delays in the acquisition of developmental milestones during the first 3 weeks of life in Ts65Dn mice (Holtzman et al, 1996; Toso et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal measures of cognition in the Ts65Dn mouse: Refining windows and defining modalities for therapeutic intervention in Down syndrome

Olmos-Serrano

Tyler

Cabral

et al. 2016

Experimental Neurology

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Mouse models have provided insights into adult changes in learning and memory in Down syndrome, but an in-depth assessment of how these abnormalities develop over time has never been conducted. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a longitudinal behavioral study from birth until late adulthood in the Ts65Dn mouse model to measure the emergence and continuity of learning and memory deficits in individuals with a broad array of tests. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the pace at which neonatal and perinatal milestones are acquired is correlated with later cognitive performance as an adult. In addition, we find that lifelong behavioral indexing stratifies mice within each genotype. Our expanded assessment reveals that diminished cognitive flexibility, as measured by reversal learning, is the most robust learning and memory impairment in both young and old Ts65Dn mice. Moreover, we find that reversal learning degrades with age and is therefore a useful biomarker for studying age-related decline in cognitive ability. Altogether, our results indicate that preclinical studies aiming to restore cognitive function in Ts65Dn should target both neonatal milestones and reversal learning in adulthood. Here we provide the quantitative framework for this type of approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal measures of cognition in the Ts65Dn mouse: Refining windows and defining modalities for therapeutic intervention in Down syndrome

Olmos-Serrano

Tyler

Cabral

et al. 2016

Experimental Neurology

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“…Infants with Down syndrome are known to be socially competent but show a delay in the acquisition of motor milestones and deficits in early gesture production (Grieco, Pulsifer, Seligsohn, Skotko, & Schwartz, 2015; Özcaliskan, Adamson, Dimitrova, Bailey, & Schmuck, 2016; Saito & Watanabe, 2016). As early as the first months of life they scored lower than typically developing infants on both the Test of Infant Motor Performance (Cardoso, Campos, Santos, Santos, & Rocha, 2015) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (Tudella, Pereira, Pedrolongo Basso, & Savelsbergh, 2011). They kicked less often (Ulrich & Ulrich, 1995) and their arm movements were less accurate when reaching for objects of different sizes (de Campos, Cerra, Silva, & Rocha, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The motor repertoire in 3- to 5-month old infants with Down syndrome

Herrero

Einspieler

Aizawa

et al. 2017

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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BackgroundEven though Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal cause of intellectual disability, studies on early development are scarce.AimTo describe movements and postures in 3- to 5-month-old infants with Down syndrome and assess the relation between pre- and perinatal risk factors and the eventual motor performance.Methods and proceduresExploratory study; 47 infants with Down syndrome (26 males, 27 infants born preterm, 22 infants with congenital heart disease) were videoed at 10–19 weeks post-term (median = 14 weeks). We assessed their Motor Optimality Score (MOS) based on postures and movements (including fidgety movements) and compared it to that of 47 infants later diagnosed with cerebral palsy and 47 infants with a normal neurological outcome, matched for gestational and recording ages.Outcomes and resultsThe MOS (median = 13, range 10–28) was significantly lower than in infants with a normal neurological outcome (median = 26), but higher than in infants later diagnosed with cerebral palsy (median = 6). Fourteen infants with Down syndrome showed normal fidgety movements, 13 no fidgety movements, and 20 exaggerated, too fast or too slow fidgety movements. A lack of movements to the midline and several atypical postures were observed. Neither preterm birth nor congenital heart disease was related to aberrant fidgety movements or reduced MOS.Conclusions and implicationsThe heterogeneity in fidgety movements and MOS add to an understanding of the large variability of the early phenotype of Down syndrome. Studies on the predictive values of the early spontaneous motor repertoire, especially for the cognitive outcome, are warranted.What this paper addsThe significance of this exploratory study lies in its minute description of the motor repertoire of infants with Down syndrome aged 3–5 months. Thirty percent of infants with Down syndrome showed age-specific normal fidgety movements. The rate of abnormal fidgety movements (large amplitude, high/slow speed) or a lack of fidgety movements was exceedingly high. The motor optimality score of infants with Down syndrome was lower than in infants with normal neurological outcome but higher than in infants who were later diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Neither preterm birth nor congenital heart disease were related to the motor performance at 3–5 months.

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“…Once infants start moving, they begin to perceive the environment in fundamentally different ways [9]. Populations with delays at their onset of independent locomotion, such as infants diagnosed with Down syndrome [10], [11], have fewer opportunities for self-initiated exploration of their environment and interactions with peers. However, when they are presented with an opportunity for social interaction, they are more responsive compared to children with primarily social impairments, such as children with autism [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning models of human-robot interaction from small data

Zehfroosh

Kokkoni

Tanner

et al. 2017

2017 25th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)

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This paper offers a new approach to learning discrete models for human-robot interaction (HRI) from small data. In the motivating application, HRI is an integral part of a pediatric rehabilitation paradigm that involves a play-based, social environment aiming at improving mobility for infants with mobility impairments. Designing interfaces in this setting is challenging, because in order to harness, and eventually automate, the social interaction between children and robots, a behavioral model capturing the causality between robot actions and child reactions is needed. The paper adopts a Markov decision process (MDP) as such a model, and selects the transition probabilities through an empirical approximation procedure called smoothing. Smoothing has been successfully applied in natural language processing (NLP) and identification where, similarly to the current paradigm, learning from small data sets is crucial. The goal of this paper is two-fold: (i) to describe our application of HRI, and (ii) to provide evidence that supports the application of smoothing for small data sets.

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Motor Performance of Children With Down Syndrome and Typical Development at 2 to 4 and 26 Months

Abstract: Children with DS show difficulties in early postural control and activities requiring speed, postural control, and balance. The finding that early performance relates to later outcome reinforces the relevance of early and task-specific intervention.

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Longitudinal measures of cognition in the Ts65Dn mouse: Refining windows and defining modalities for therapeutic intervention in Down syndrome

Longitudinal measures of cognition in the Ts65Dn mouse: Refining windows and defining modalities for therapeutic intervention in Down syndrome

The motor repertoire in 3- to 5-month old infants with Down syndrome

Learning models of human-robot interaction from small data

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