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Four plant species belonging to the family Lamiaceae were assessed with different molecular markers using five RAPD, six inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and six start codon targeted (SCoT) primers to detect their levels of genetic diversity. The RAPD primers identified a total of 41 amplified bands, while all primers inducing five unique markers among the four species used in this study, furthermore the polymorphism percentage reached to 73.71%. ISSR primers generated 31 amplified bands including eight unique markers with a polymorphism percentage reached to 54.83%. SCoT primers exhibited a total of 43 amplified bands. Four of these primers revealed 14 unique genotype specific markers with a polymorphism percentage reached to 39.53%. The four Lamiaceae species were separated into two major groups using cluster analysis: the first group comprised Phlomis floccosa and Salvia officinals, while the second group included Teucrium polium and Thymus capitatus.

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The continuously growing food and beverage industry relies on food additives as a main component in their products. Such increased reliance on processed food, lead to neglectance of the harmful effects of the food additives on human health; among these are hypersensitivity, allergic reactions, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and more.  This study investigates genotoxic effects of three food preservatives commonly consumed in daily meals; sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster system. All of the tested compounds showed significantly high levels of tumor induction and frequency compared to a negative control in SMART assay. They also showed high amount of DNA damage in the comet assay indicating their high potential of being genotoxic materials.