Summary. Objective. To examine the validity of a scale that uses faces as an indicator of children’s dental anxiety. Setting. Department of Child Dental Health waiting room, Newcastle Dental Hospital. Subjects and methods. 100 children (aged 3–18 years) completed the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Venham Picture Test (VPT) in the dental hospital waiting room. Results. A strong correlation (0·7) was found between the two scales, indicating good validity for the FIS. Findings also showed that a small, but significant, number of children are anxious in the dental context. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the FIS is a valid means of assessing child dental anxiety status in a clinical context.
Dentists tend to use monitoring strategies that adhere generally to the principles of the Tell-Show-Do technique. This may have implications if the anxious child has a 'blunting' coping style.
Dental fear and anxiety in children and adolescents is a common problem. Hypnosis has been shown to be useful in the treatment of these patients. This paper briefly reviews conventional management skills before considering the application of hypnosis. Following a definition of hypnosis, the concepts of relaxation, restricted awareness, blunting of critical faculties and the enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion are outlined. Consideration is given to the induction of hypnosis and its general application in an informal and formal manner. The application of more specific techniques, such as the use of hypnoanalgesia to reduce physical discomfort and the development of coping strategies to help children overcome their fears, are discussed. It has been widely shown that hypnosis is a useful adjunct in dentistry. However, it is unfortunate that hypnosis is not more widely used as it has the potential for making conventional dental management more acceptable and reducing the number of children requiring general anaesthesia.
Summary. Two groups of children were given the Child Manifest Anxiety Scale to measure their general anxiety and the Venham Picture Scale to assess their dental anxiety. The experimental group consisted of children who had been referred with a specific problem of anxiety. The control group had been referred for dental problems other than anxiety. The two groups of children did not differ with respect to general anxiety but the experimental group showed significantly higher scores on the scale of dental anxiety, indicating that dentally anxious children are not always anxious in other situations. The children were treated by one dentist and, during treatment, the behaviour of the dentist was observed and measured using the Weinstein Dentist Behaviour Scale. It was found that the dentist changed his behaviour when dealing with anxious children and adopted some, but not all, of the anxiety management techniques that have been found in previous studies to reduce stress of dentally anxious children. Résumé. L'échelle de mesure de l'anxiété chez l'enfant a été utilisée dans deux groupes d'enfants pour mesurer le niveau d'anxiété en général et l'échelle d'images de Venham pour l'anxiété dentaire. Le groupe expérimental comportait des enfants qui avaient été adressés pour un problème d'anxiété dentaire, le groupe de contrôle pour des problèmes dentaires autres que celui de l'anxiété. Les deux groupes d'enfants ne différaient pas en ce qui concerne l'anxiété en général mais le groupe expérimental avait des résultats significativement plus élevés sur l'échelle de l'anxiété dentaire, montrant que les enfants anxieux pour les soins dentaires n'étaient pas toujours anxieux dans d'autres situations. Les enfants étaient toujours soignés par le même practicien dont le comportement était étudié et mesuré à l'aide de l'échelle de comportement dentaire de Weinstein. Les résultats ont montré que le practicien changeait de comportement quand il traitait des enfants anxieux et utilisait certaines méthodes de prise en charge de l'anxiété qui avaient fait la preuve de leur efficacité dans des études précédentes. Zusammenfassung. ‘Child Manifest Anxiety Scale’ für Messung der generelle Angst und ‘Venham Picture Scale’ für zahnarztlichverbundene Angst, wurden bei zwei verschiedenen Kindergruppen angevendet. Die Probegruppe enthielt Kinder, die alle ein bestimtes Angstproblem hatten. Ein zahnärztliches Problem ohne Angst hatte die Kontrollgruppe. Es gab kein Unterschied zwischen den zwei Kindergruppen in Bezug auf genereller Angst, aber die Probegruppe zeigte bedeutend höhere werte auf der zahnärztlichverbundenen Angstskala. D.h. dass Kinder mit Angst vor den Zahnarztuntersuchungen nicht immer Angst haben in alle andere Situationen. Kinder wurden von einem Zahnarzt behandelt wurden. Das verhalten des Zahnarztes wurde beobachtet und gemessen auf der Weinstein Zahnarztverhaltensskala. Es wurde notiert das der Zahnarzt sein Verhalten geändert hatte sobalt er ängstlische Kinder behandelte und daraufhin eignete er sich verschiedene Techniken d...
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