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Ciprofloxacin (CPFX®) is potent fluoroquinolone but has severe side effects. Cinnamon (CIN) and chia seeds are potent antioxidants. The current work aimed to compare the effect of CIN extract and chia seeds on CPFX®-treated submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: received saline. Group 2: received CPFX®. Group 3: received CIN extract after 4 h of CPFX® administration. Group 4: received ground chia seeds after 4 h of CPFX® administration. After 10 days, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural examinations were done. Different examinations illustrated normal features of SMG in Groups 1 and 3. Group 2 showed degenerative signs. Group 4 showed normal features in some areas. Statistical results illustrated that Group 2 had highest mean vacuolation area%. Highest mean of PAS optical density (OD) was for Group 2. Concerning mercuric bromophenol blue stain OD; Group 1 showed highest mean OD. CPFX® has the deteriorative effect on SMG structure and ultrastructure. It leads to increased levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and decreased levels of total proteins. CIN extract showed more ameliorative effect compared to chia seeds.

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Recently soy, almond and Oat milk are used as an alternative to cow's milk especially for those have milk allergy or lactose intolerance and /or vegetarians. Plants based milk beverages can be made from cereals such as rice and oats, nuts such as almonds and legumes Anonymous [12], 2013. Soy and almond milk are popular examples of non-dairy milks in the USA while oat milk is common in the Europe. These beverages vary in taste and texture