Genistein is the natural isoflavone and a phytoestrogen with a broad range of pharmacological properties, such as tyrosine and topoisomerase inhibition. It also induces apoptosis and cell proliferation inhibition, differentiates cancer cells. Added health benefits include the reduction of osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclasts and lymphocyte functions, decreased the risk of cardiovascular attacks and relieved postmenopausal problems. Genistein traditionally used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine and are found to be associated with lower risk of breast, prostate and lung cancer. Numerous factors comprising genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations are evidenced to be responsible for breast, prostate and lung cancer. In present review, an overview on genistein, the various analytical methods and drug delivery approaches to determine genistein in the formulations are discussed. It may help to develop novel formulations with better solubility and bioavailability of genistein. The tumor cell scan may be targeted to form a stable genistein formulation.
As per ISO and ASTM standards, nanoparticles are particles of sizes ranging from 1 to 100nm with one or more dimensions. The nanoparticles are generally classified into the organic, inorganic and carbon based particles in nanometric scale that has improved properties compared to larger sizes of respective materials. The nanoparticles show enhanced properties such as high reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, stability, etc. because of their small size. The nanoparticles are synthesised by various methods for research and commercial uses that are classified into three main types namely physical, chemical and mechanical processes that has seen a vast improvement over time. This paper presents a review on nanoparticles, their types, properties, synthesis methods and its applications in the field of environment.
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